The progressive stance of Soviet education in the 1920's, reflecting the writings of Dewey, Parkhurst, and Montessori, is related to the political and economic expediencies dictated by Bolshevism. (JH)

The reshaping of man to the Soviet ideal through education is the context within which the author considers three recent books on Soviet education--Shiela Fitzpatrick's "The Commissariat of Enlightenment"; J. J. Tomiak's "The Soviet Union"; and Jean Pennar's "Modernization and Diversity in Soviet Education." (JH)

Discusses the evaluation of Russian educational concepts through six historical periods; stresses the significance of social, philosophical, political, and psychological factors that have affected Soviet educational policies used to instill Communist values. (JD)

Gives an overview of the educational history of Albania and notes the large number of reforms that have been effected. Argues that, despite the many changes in the schools, adherence to the ideological and political principles of communism has remained constant. (Author/WM)

Describes implementation of the new Soviet general elementary and secondary curriculum from 1964-74. Emphasized at all levels and in all subject areas are life and works of Lenin, Lenin's theoretical legacy, and documents of the Communist Party of the Soviety Union. Specific changes in humanities, languages, social studies, math, and science are…

This essay traces the liberal to conservative changes in U.S. political attitudes and the effect these changes had on progressive and essentialist theories of education from the 1940s to the present. Focus is on the role Arthur Bestor played in these developments. Bestor was a leader of the anti-progressive movement during the 1950s and the most…

Discusses the 60-year history of Soviet pedagogical science which was born of the 1917 October revolution. Strong aspects have been the relevance of education and the improvement of labor and polytechnical training. Soviet pedagogy has been subdivided into various fields and its research sphere has been expanded. (AM)

Described are laws governing the Yugoslavia educational system from 1940 to present, with an emphasis on people's universities and workers' universities. The result has been the transformation of a predominantly illiterate, poorly skilled, and nonparticipant society into a more highly educated, trained, and self-managed political culture. (KC)

Theories in education and the supporting philosophy and history of each group of ideas are presented, and the relationship of each position to the classroom and to the society is indicated. The nature of philosophy and its major divisions, the nature of educational philosophy, and the relationship of philosophy to education are considered. The…

The educational process and passionate intensity are forces that are often at odds in society. Passionate intensity is a force that introduces turmoil and threatens those social processes that depend on reason and independent thought. In contrast, the educational process seeks to develop coping skills to limit dependence on others and promote…

Examines the relationship of Anton Makarenko's educational theories to Russian history, tradition, and culture. Analyzes the influence of Russian and foreign prerevolutionary thinking on Makarenko's major theories. Discusses his major educational concepts (i.e., discipline, education through work, collectives, and the teacher's role) and views of…

The first chapter of a book dealing with higher education in the USSR examines Marxist-Leninist thought on education and provides an overview of the entire Soviet education system, including preschool, elementary and secondary, vocational and technical, secondary specialized, and higher education. (RM)

Examines the historical development of work-study programs from the early days of communist government to current practices in China. Traditional Chinese culture separated mental and manual labor according to Confucian edicts. After a slow start, work-study was integrated into the national curriculum in the late 1950s. (MJP)

This report contains a comprehensive examination of all major levels and types of education in the Hungarian educational system under communism. The structure, process, philosophy, and history of Hungarian education are described in 10 chapters: (1) "The Country's Background"; (2) "The Educational Inheritance"; (3) "The…

The Occasional Paper is intended as a resource document and is designed to provide teachers of Asian studies with an authoritative study of education in the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1969 where educational effort focuses upon the needs of society rather than the individual. The first twenty years of the history of the People's…