Early childhood education has received attention from philosophers, educationists and psycho-analysts such as Plato, Avicenna, Locke, Pestalozzi, Whitehead, Carl Jung, Binet, Piaget, Montessori, Sigmund Freund, Howard Gardner, among others. In Africa, the backdrop of poverty, Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in strife-torn countries, among…

This article considered the transfer of educational innovations from industrialized to developing countries concentrating on the selection stage, its mechanics and the criteria by which innovations may be made theoretically more effective. (Author/RK)

Given its being at the eastern boundaries of Igbo land in Nigeria, Ohuhu clan was among the last areas to be conquered by British imperialists. It was also among the last areas in Igbo land to have the impact of white missionaries. Thus, in terms of modern education, commerce, industry, and civil service administrations as dictated by the colonial…

In 1960, in developing nations, less than half of primary-school-age children were enrolled in school. By the early 1990s, despite rapid population increases in much of the world, the proportion was more than 75%. In most developing countries, education has been largely synonymous with schooling but not entirely. Formal schools have been widely…

Defines an open university, explains why Ghana needs an open university system, and describes how to establish one. Discusses the role of government, business, and expatriate Ghanaians and presents a model of an open university, including academic sections and research centers. (PEN)

At the beginning of the 1990s, education in South Africa was in turmoil and experienced a major crisis. Adding to the crisis were problems such as major inequalities in South African society where the majority of people were marginalized and forced to live in a disenfranchised society. Educational change was required to provide equity in terms of…

The Action Training Model (ATM) was developed for the delivery of evaluation training to development workers in Kenya and Botswana and implemented under the aegis of the German Foundation for International Development. Training of evaluators is a challenge in any context, but in the Third World environment, evaluation training offers special…

Describes an educational model based on needs of developing nations, particularly those in Latin America. The model stresses lifelong education, broader educational access, and encouragement of students and teachers who wish to be creative and forward-looking rather than preservers of the established order. (DB)

This publication is intended to aid educational planners in developing nations in translating national goals and aspirations into educational objectives and in establishing and quantifying priorities among educational objectives. Much of the content is based on a model for setting educational objectives that was developed in Indonesia in 1972. The…

With the move toward democracy in many countries and the changes of globalization, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play a greater role in providing social services. Organizations such as UNICEF, USAID, and the World Bank recognize the important role that NGOs could play in education development projects, particularly in the effort to achieve…

This study developed a model for depicting the phenomenon of communication in extension education in the developing nations, with emphasis on the role of extension communicators in such settings. The present model was formulated on the basis of existing ones, then was compared with the actual situation as found in the literature on communication…

After an analysis of eight mass literacy campaigns (USSR 1919-39; Vietnam, 1945-77; China, 1950-58; Cuba, 1961; Burma, 1960-1981; Brazil, 1967-80; Tanzania, 1971-81; and Somalia, 1973-75), a campaign strategy for a mass literacy campaign is proposed. A potentially successful mass literacy campaign has to be both an educational and a political…

After an overview of distance education is presented, models and case summaries in formal and nonformal education are described. The evaluation of distance education is discussed in terms of effectiveness, cost, and management. Finally, new directions for evaluation and policy formation are outlined.

A student flow model in linear programming format, designed to plan the movement of students into secondary and university programs in Tunisia, is described. The purpose of the plan is to determine a sufficient number of graduating students that would flow back into the system as teachers or move into the labor market to meet fixed manpower…