Literacy among adults is advocated over universal primary education for children in developing societies. It is argued that the needs of children may best be served by increasing the informal education of adults. (JMF)

The author argues against specialized education programs for rural children in developing nations, asserting that these children's education should not essentially differ from that considered suitable for urban children. For a contrasting opinion, see the article by David R. Evans (pp232-43). (See AA 533 194.) (SJL)

Reacting to the preceding article (pp216-21) by Elinor G. Barber, the author argues against a single formal system of general education for both rural and urban areas of developing nations. (See AA 533 193.) (SJL)

Within the context of the total educational system of Ethiopia nonformal educational activities are described. These activities, undertaken by several government ministries and quasi-governmental and private organizations, are being conducted for the purpose of maintaining governmental services, improving living standards, and providing the…

The Western paradigm of education regards schools as the essential institutionalized cultural settings in which formal learning can take place and as the only socially valid settings in which learners can get a formal education. Knowledge is commodified and may be exchanged for currency in the form of jobs or licenses. Learning that occurs outside…

Lifelong learning and lifewide learning describes the concept of learning in which individuals learn throughout the life-span from formal, non-formal, and informal sources. It is an issue for educational policy, labor market policy, and the workplace, as well as for civil society. Key issues in lifelong learning include the following: (1) lifelong…

Economic restructuring has severely affected the education of girls, particularly in the poorest and least developed countries where poverty is the major obstacle to education. Girls still constitute the majority of children not enrolled in school, and illiteracy among women remains one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century. Deep-rooted…

The educational advancement of women in India is not perceived as an important characteristic since education is perceived as irrelevant to their roles. The equality of women in status and opportunity is guaranteed in the 1955 Constitution of India and by the government. Although achievements by women in the local and national levels exist, a…

The document presents 11 papers dealing with educational administration in developing nations. It is intended to aid UNESCO staff members and other educational advisors as they collaborate with policy makers in developing nations to improve educational programs. Written by staff members of UNESCO's Division of Educational Finance, the papers…

This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, examines communication among minorities and nonminorities in adult education programs. The booklet begins with a sketch of the situation of minority group members around the world and a list of 10 ways education policy and legislation can…

This document contains information about and papers from meetings of educational practitioners and policymakers in the Asia-Pacific region, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, and the Arab States and a collective consultation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) on literacy and education for all. Contents (arranged by region) are…

The following papers are included: "Foreword" (Jakob Horn, Paul Belanger); "Internationalization and Globalization" (Ove Korsgaard); "Adult Learning and the Challenges of the 21st Century" (Marc-Laurent Hazoume); "Diversity in Adult Education: Some Key Concepts in Minority and Indigenous Issues" (Linda King de Jardon); "The Culture of Peace: The…

These volumes contain 40 papers examining the principles, policies, structure, and practice of lifelong learning worldwide. The following are among the papers included: "Towards a Philosophy of Lifelong Learning" (David Aspin, Judith Chapman); "Locating Lifelong Learning and Education in Contemporary Currents of Thought and…

Strategies for overcoming exclusion through adult learning were identified through case studies of 19 initiatives in the following countries: Belgium; Mexico; the Netherlands; Norway; Portugal; and the United Kingdom. The study programs involved a diverse array of formal, nonformal, and informal public sector, community, and enterprise-based…

This document contains 43 papers from a conference on researching inclusion. The following are among the papers included: "Include Me Out: Critique and Contradiction in Thinking about Social Exclusion and Lifelong Learning" (Paul Armstrong); "The Linking of Work and Education To Enable Social Inclusion" (Dave Beck);…