Released time religious education has a long history in the United States, but not all programs have been successful, and others have not even been legal! In this article, the legal history and cases involving religious education are explored with particular emphasis on the three prong Lemon test (named for one of the litigants). Practical…

Background: Over the past decade, courts increasingly have considered cases that involve clashes between public, secular private, and religious institutions in education. Such clashes appear to have intensified as recently as the 2019-2020 Supreme Court term, and the confirmation of Associate Justice Amy Coney Barrett to the Court in 2020 suggests…

This article discusses the extent to which middle-class Christians, many of whom were progressive liberals, involved themselves in the Moral Instruction League (MIL) to intervene in 'improving' the moral character of the English working class. It considers how they reconciled their motivations and underlying theology with secular goals that sought…

Effectively integrating faith into a Christian university classroom presents a difficulty for many instructors. Doing so in a manner that is natural and authentic for the course being studied is even more of a challenge. This article first presents an historical background to provide a perspective on the issue and to illustrate the need to be…

In most of the scholarly work, the history of lifelong education (LLE) begins in the 1960s, when the concept gathered momentum as part of the agendas of the OECD, World Bank, UNESCO, and Council of Europe. A pre-1960s history is acknowledged with a few names and dates and is generally absorbed into the history of adult education. This paper…

When the purified National Party (NP) came to power in South Africa in 1948, they introduced educational policies based on the ideology of apartheid. At that time 7,183 pupils attended primary education in 110 Lutheran Norwegian mission schools in Zululand and Natal. When the State took over these schools after the passing of the Bantu Education…

Nonsectarian Sabbath or Sunday schools served as an important entry point for public schooling in the first decades of the nineteenth century. These schools provided the basic spelling, reading, and writing instruction often required for admission into public schools. Singing was also an essential component of Sunday schools, and basic instruction…

It has long been established that education is both a colonial and imperial tool that enables colonizing nations to establish themselves in foreign territories. This paper explores New Zealand's historical and contemporary role in the Pacific and how the country has leveraged higher education to both strengthen and continue its ongoing colonial…

Al Ghazali lived in the Islamic golden age when all the fields of education flourished. There have been many studies of al-Ghazali's thoughts, yet, further and deeper examination from various perspective is needed to get objective and actual thoughts of Al-Ghazali. In al Ghazali's time, there was no term of curriculum, however, the concept emerged…

The findings of the research are the "tarbiyah" curriculum journey grouped into eight stages of curriculum development. Starting from the embryo curriculum in 1961, this is the first stage as a curriculum based on the main points of the Pancasila Education System. The second stage of the curriculum, which contains prioritising the…

This article examines the challenging history of the Religious Education Association (REA) beginning in 1929. A membership survey, a new policy statement, and local consultations were urgently needed at that time, 25 years after the foundation of the Association, in order to clarify ideological differences on the inside and in order to deal with…

The French Saint-Joseph school in Jaffa is one of the few educational institutions in Israel that have survived, since 1882, three political regimes without relinquishing pedagogical or managerial autonomy. This article examines the emergence of "circumstantial multiculturalism" in the midst of radical political changes in a…

Schools are truly 'microcosms of society' since they reflect the larger dynamics of society. Women's position in society also got replicated in their low participation in education among other fields. This article contextualises women's education in the nineteenth-century Punjab. It briefly discusses approaches followed by various stakeholders…

Based on Habermas' normative theory of religion in post-secular society, this article elaborates on the organisation of Islamic religious education (RE) in state schools. Hereto, a brief sketch of the Habermasian concepts of "reflexive religion" and "complementary learning processes" will be given. Subsequently, the author…

In 1893, Annie Besant touched the shores of India as a leader of the Theosophical Society. In India, Besant is widely known for her involvement in the Home Rule Movement and as president of the Indian National Congress, the chief political organisation in the Indian freedom struggle. Before entering into the political arena of the country, Besant…