This paper traces the development and contributions of the American academy, a type of school designed to serve the needs of the middle class by including subjects other than college preparation. The three types of 17th century American schools which existed prior to the academy are described: the petty or dame school, the writing school, and the…

The Palestinian Jewish educational system grew out of urban schools established in the 1800s through the philanthropic efforts of the European Jewish communities and out of rural schools established at Kibbutzim from the turn of the century. Standards were set first by a Teachers' Association, then by the worldwide Zionist Organization, and…

Against the background of current educational retrenchment and general economic crisis, this report traces the economic, social, political and educational influences that shape contemporary Canada. The instability of the economy and its domination by the United States, the transformation from a bicultural into a multicultural society, women's…

Budgeting and budget planning in higher education are considered, and the long-standing debate concerning whether budgeting is largely a technical or a political exercise is reviewed in this monograph. The roles of various participants in the budgeting process and the form of their participation, with emphasis on centralization of authority in the…

The focus in this history of the University of Maine's first century is on the problems facing administrators and trustees in keeping the institution alive and growing in an environment both politically and socially hostile to public higher education. The establishment and growth of the early university are described, and special periods in its…

The shifting political milieu which surrounded and conditioned all of Illinois' educational endeavors in the half century after 1870 is discussed. Studies of those elements of society which have influenced the development of schools have often neglected the political milieu that affects educational policy-making at the state level. The political…

The relationship of the state and higher education, particularly in relation to the role of science education, is outlined throughout Austrian history. Conservative postwar reconstruction, expansion of access to higher education, and student participation in administration are traced, and criticisms of the present government-academic balance are…

Traces Soviet educational history during the 1950s and 1960s. Presents chapter four from Ele Monoszon's "The Establishment and Development of Soviet Pedagogy." Reviews theories and research of key Soviet educators during this period. (CH)

The purpose of this article is to discuss Zimbabwe's public education system. First, the article provides a brief look at pre-independence education in Zimbabwe. Second, it discusses some of the reforms that took place in the Zimbabwe education system following independence. Third, it looks at the current structure of Zimbabwe's education system…

A tension has long existed between Americans' intense faith in education and the slow pace of changes in educational practices. Citizens have attempted to improve the future by arguing about how to improve youth through education, but actual school reforms have rarely matched expectations. Why this situation has occurred, and why such resistance…

This volume of 10 chapters written by various analysts explores the politicization of higher education since World War II, the tensions and conflicts that trend has created, and arguments regarding the reasons why institutions of higher education need and should have government aid. The foreword by Nathan Glazer addresses these issues. An…

Issues in the misuse of standardized test scores are discussed. While information misuse is not a problem unique to testing, it is particularly prevalent. Information can be a source of power, and politically motivated uses of information explain part of the misuse of test scores. Other misuses have historical roots in the exaggerated claims of…

The "International Journal of Educology" publishes works that examine the educational process from an educological perspective. The term educology means knowledge about education and has been in use since the seminal work in educology by L. W. Harding in the 1950s. The educological perspective is inclusive of scientific, praxiological,…

Conference papers and panel remarks concerning the role of state coordinating or governing boards, trends in higher education since before World War II, and implications of the Bakke decision are presented as part of an inservice education program. In "Life in the Centrifuge--Panel Remarks," Howard R. Boozer suggests that higher…

This report analyzes three aspects of social studies education in Japan: (1) characteristics of secondary education before World War II, (2) the nature and effects of United States intervention in secondary social studies in 1946, and (3) features of contemporary social studies. Before 1945 the boys' middle school, the Chugakko, was the most…