Current concern over the link between the teaching of foreign languages and cultures is itself an American cultural concern, born of a specifically American educational tradition focusing on utility, democracy, and scientific measures of progress. State guidelines for integration of the teaching of languages and culture reflect the following…

The history of bilingual education in the United States began with the earliest immigrants, but the recent phenomenon began in Florida and came to prominence in the national conscience in the 1974 Lau versus Nichols case concerning equal educational opportunity. The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 authorized widespread establishment of programs,…

Cities and religious orders in colonial Latin America competed vigorously and often bitterly to acquire a university, but little is understood of the cultural impact of the university on cities, regions, or the colonial system. The university in the Spanish colonies derived its organization and traditions from the University of Salamanca, a…

An overview of the historical roots of racism is presented, and the role of higher education within the institutional structure of American society is analyzed. Two case studies are reviewed in detail, along with the relevant political issues and change strategies to help remedy racism in America. A key dimension of racism involves education,…

Emphasizing the dedication with which Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-92) labored to achieve advancement in American public education, the biography discusses the historical and political events which highlighted his career. Describing Hayes as a man who stood above party politicking in his years in the White House (1877-81), the biography maintains…

Documenting the demise of the plural society in Jamaica, this study deals with the interrelationship between local and national educational and occupational status aspirations. As the formal educational system, the nonagricultural sectors, and the political parties have developed and examined, the opportunities for educational and occupational…

That American education is in trouble no longer needs to be documented. What is not clear or widely accepted is an understanding of how and why the schools became that way, and what alternatives are available. The readings in this book have been brought together as sources in which to find the foundations of educational alternatives. Alternatives…

Church and state is discussed in four articles: "Religion, Separation, and Accommodation: A Recipe of Perfection?" (Delos B. McKown, Clifton B. Perry, pp. 2-7); "Public Religion: The Republican Banquet" (Martin E. Marty, pp. 8-9); "Religion in the 1980s" (Ernest van den Haag, pp. 10-11); and "Education in…

The Penn State Seminar grew out of the need for quality research in art education. Art was viewed in a broad, interdisciplinary context. The Getty Institute sought to establish visual art, defined as including art history, art criticism, studio production, and aesthetic perception, as a discipline-based subject in elementary schools. (Author/RM)

Comparing the evolution of lifelong learning in Chinese Taipei and Vietnam, this paper describes cultural, political, and economic factors influencing approaches and attitudes towards the lifelong learning movement and makes projections for the future. Following a description of sources used, including informal interviews with 50 adult learners in…

This report starts with a quick review of the beginning of standardized testing in U.S. schools and the reasons for growing reliance on testing. It summarizes the recent promising trends and suggests how testing for accountability could be less intrusive and provide better information about achievement in schools. The proposal for a voluntary…

Presents a case study of a village in highland South America to show how different segments of a society view literacy education. Topics discussed include collapse of traditional society as a result of education, values, changing economic and social conditions, the school role in creating an active citizenry, and school drop-out rates. (Author/DB)

Argues that educators should provide black youth with the history of Black and Standard English and encourage them to examine these two forms critically, along with the social and political situations that created them. Young black people who know the value of language and culture will not have to surrender one of these languages. (SLD)

Polish legislation concerning higher education since 1990 has focused on increasing institutional autonomy, but brought with it an unrealistic reliance on market mechanisms for positive change. This has resulted in a non-integrated system and inadequate public policy for science and higher education. It is the institutions themselves that have…

Examines Israel's 1953 State Education Law, the product of a religious and political compromise, that was responsible for unifying schools into a national system. Gives the historical perspective of this system that is comprised of five types of schools: four Jewish, one Arabian. Examines how the schools reflect Israel's religious and political…