This paper explores the changing nature of expectations for teachers in British Columbia from the first formal teacher examinations to the present day. The 130 years can be broken down into five reasonably distinct time periods, each of which had different ideas of what constituted right-minded teachers. Discussing how succeeding generations have…

This paper describes the role of gender in the politics of American education, as carried out in Philadelphia and its suburbs from 1905 to 1930. It discusses volunteerism as a way of life for middle-class American women in the 19th century, particularly within the realm of education. Women were able to act as advocates of school reform through…

The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of major structural differences in European higher education and to analyze a number of recent developments within this institutional framework. One of the major changes occurring in European universities since their beginnings in Bologna and Paris has been the elevation of the research function…

Roles suggested for the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in proposed national testing are discussed. Recent proposals center around monitoring, evaluation and accountability, and serving as a benchmark for other tests. Monitoring has been the traditional function of the NAEP, and in this role, its influence has been substantial.…

This paper explores the issue of peace education in Northern Ireland in its broadest sense. It looks not merely at peace education per se but also at the sectarian context of schooling and at a variety of anti-sectarian initiatives. In recent years there have been several peace education ventures in Northern Ireland reflecting the statutory…

Between 1795 and 1993, elementary and secondary schooling in New York State shifted from a private/local to a public/state activity. That shift from local to state control and identity involved a lengthy political struggle and reveals the historical working-out of two conflicting themes in the American political tradition: popular democratic…

This essay outlines the history of social studies and the continuing push and pull of political favoritism that has marked its path since the second quarter of the century. Seen variously as too liberal, too progressive, even un-American, social studies is perhaps too sophisticated a concept for narrowly trained teachers and administrators. The…

Four articles and two review papers are presented on themes relating to educational leadership within institutions, organizations, and networks and to the development and promulgation of ideas within academic disciplines. Three of the articles explore the opportunity structures that promoted the rise of two college presidents and one powerful…

Materials presented in this document focus on the historical development of culture and politics and their effects on education in Poland. This document proposes that Polish education is affected by the societal pressures of socialization and change and that schools socialize children in the cultural and philosophical behavior patterns of a…

Recent Canadian English language literature on the history and philosophy of higher education in Canada is reviewed to assess the prospects for survival for Canadian universities. Additionally, suggestions for revitalizing higher learning in Canada are offered. Among the topics that are addressed are the following: McMaster University and the…

The purpose of this volume is to present information on the training of adult educators in East European countries. All but two of these countries, Albania and Bulgaria, are described. The first of nine articles provides an overview of the research and preparation of adult education staff in some East European countries. Factors cited as…

The study investigates the formulation of British colonial education policy and attempts to evaluate the hypothesis that the policies formulated by the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies reflected a consistent attempt to orient education policy in the colonies to the local needs for human resource development. The use of historical…

Describes the situation of further education in the Federal Republic of Germany, examining its interrelation with (1) recent history, (2) the new technology, (3) legislation, (4) educational philosophy and public policy of supporting institutions, (5) labor, (6) changing social structures, and (7) international relations. (Author/CH)

Belgian official policy toward the teaching profession as developed in the last 10 years is examined in the context of the special situation of education in Belgian society, its complicated relations with the government, and the position it occupies in Belgian politics. (MSE)

An overview of the theory and practice of moral education in Germany is provided. Special emphasis is given to the historical background of current theories of moral development as well as to legal and political questions concerning the present state of moral education in Germany. (Author/RM)