The article provides an overview of the forces that underpin present-day special education practices in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and a review of politico-historical forces that have shaped the development of current educational practices. The forces that have influenced different models for identifying disabilities and the reasons that…

This article examines how Lin Piao used the teaching and ideology of Confucius and Mencius as the backbone of his attempted coup d'etat in 1970. The elitist nature of Confucian philosophy, and Lin Piao's attempt to use Confucius to reject historical materialism is emphasized. (DE)

The job of superintendent is tough and demanding. Although conditions seem to be getting worse, the job has always been demanding because of its origins and its relationship with the board of education. As the job developed, dominant conceptions of leadership developed. The three dominant conceptions--teacher-scholar, administrative chief, and…

From 1910 to 1930, illiteracy rates among Alabama's Black population decreased. Yet it is doubtful that the State's literacy campaign was a major contributor to the decline in Black illiteracy; the campaign was closely tied to the White supremacy movement, and most of the funds were directed toward White education. (GC)

Through an examination of the development of the discipline of sociology in France in the period 1880-1925, this article sheds light on some of the more general processes at work in the institutionalization of the social sciences and on the social and political consequences of that institutionalization. (RM)

Responding to an article by James Gaddy and Linda Kelly in the September 1983 "Bulletin," the author describes the unique quality of the American educational system and reminds educators that the direction of the system is the responsibility of society. (MD)

Higher education in China since the revolution has reflected the changes that have transformed the country as a whole. A historical review is presented. (LBH)

Reviews and evaluates governmental efforts at the national level to influence curriculum in elementary and secondary classrooms from the mid-1950s to the 1970s. Concludes that while governmental attention can improve certain conditions in the education system, it is likely to contribute in the long run to further educational decline. (Author/DB)

Studied the development of the new Norwegian curriculum and the formulation of the subject syllabuses within broader related principles. Data from several sources, including interviews with educators and policy makers, show the tensions, conflicts, and achievements of the formation of the curriculum policy. Considers some implications for…

Puts whole language and the author's own research into historical, political, and philosophical context. Offers predictions about the future of whole language and education in general. (SR)

Offers a critical reinterpretation of the development of Finnish popular adult education from 1890 to 1939, a period marked by great turbulence. Breaks with traditional analyses by presenting a sociohistorical contextualization of the conceptual relations expressed in ideological discourses and cultural practices associated with popular adult…

Explores the topics and issues that filled this journal during its history. Focuses on the period in U.S. history of 1917 to 1950, a time of two world wars and the Great Depression, and examines how the political and social ideas of the times were reflected in the writings in this journal. (ASK)

Analyzes Portuguese educational policy as it is developing after the 1974 end to a long dictatorship. Uses educational system indicators proposed by L. D'Hainaut (198). (SLD)

Discussion of higher education reform in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 draws on writings in previous issues of this journal and extends the discussion to develop a conceptual framework for examining the reform process and identify key forces that either initiated and facilitated reform or hindered it. Attention is given to the unusual…

Discussion of the current demand for accountability at the higher education level examines its historical background and finds the influence of the conservative backlash against the 1960s and the global demands of capitalism. Suggests that part of this movement's broader agenda is defunding the public university and submission to market forces.…