This article begins with a review of relevant literature and a brief introduction to dependency theory and center-periphery theory, and then it will outline major changes in general education in the United States. In the third part, the article analyzes how U.S. general education has been transferred to Japan, China, and Hong Kong; its impact on…

In order to cultivate talents and speed up development in Tibet, Tibetan "Neidi" Classes/Schools were established in other parts of China from the mid-1980s with the approval and support of the Chinese central government. The authors provide details about the 20-year existence of the "Neidi" Classes/Schools, including student…

In this article, addressing the curriculum will involve analysing and discussing the configuration of a subject, who has developed himself or herself within a historical-political context, in which a dominant culture has reproduced itself through the official curriculum. Bearing in mind such a framework, the text will follow the journey of this…

Michael Young's work is central to debates about knowledge and the school curriculum. In recent years he has renounced his early argument that school subjects represent the "knowledge of the powerful", arguing instead that access and equality for all students are dependent on ensuring that all get access to "powerful…

Elite schools established in the nineteenth century in the image of British public schools now face intense competition from newly established elite schools. Located within the broader research project that this special issue discusses, this paper examines some of the ways in which an old elite school in India has sought to utilise is history to…

Since the early 20th century, numerous scholars have proposed theories and models describing, interpreting, and suggesting the development paths countries have taken or should take. None of these, however, can fully explain China's efforts, mainly through education and citizenship education, to modernize itself and foster a modern citizenry since…

The article analyses the relation between religion, education and citizenship as reflected in recent research and current debates regarding religion in Pakistani schools. Following a description of the political context, two different views (one Christian, one Muslim) on the current state of affairs are presented. After a consideration of the…

This article argues that the development of civic education in Hong Kong can be divided into three phases chronologically: (1) before 1984: "depoliticization" by the state and the school; (2) 1984-1997: "politicization" of the intended curriculum; and (3) 1997 onwards: "re-depoliticization" of civic education and…

Because Chile has experienced three different governments in ten years, it is a good country in which to examine the relationship between political tendencies and the educational system as measured by educational objectives and curricular activity. Even though the aspirations to democratize the educational system, to prepare students for work, and…

The history of the development of legal education is traced from the 18th century to the present, divided into these periods: before 1779, when the state's first legal professorship was established; 1779-1861; 1865-1895; and after 1895. Political issues and influences and curriculum are examined. (MSE)

Taiwanese textbooks play a central role in Taiwanese education. In the wake of the political reform and social protest movements of the 1970s and 1980s that prompted Taiwanese educational reform, critics have charged that traditional curricula tend to reinforce the dominant national Chinese cultural identity. The purpose of this article is to…

Reviews educational development in Russia during the period of Socialist construction, 1918-1939. Development included establishment of universal elementary education, Soviet schools in various nationality districts, research on teaching methods, social education work in youth organizations, revision of pedagogical theories, and reform of labor…

Policies in Chinese education, especially higher education, have undergone major shifts since 1949 in response to general swings in Chinese policy, ideological debates, and leaders. The shifts have been between education as a party device to sustain revolutionary values and education as a government instrument to promote modernization. (MSE)

Characterizes Soviet pedagogy during the period 1939-75, when Socialist construction was completed and Communism became influential. Reviews educational growth before World War II; curriculum, teaching methods, and access to education during the war; and efforts following the war to make secondary education universal and in line with modern…

Resumption and development of graduate education since 1976 are described, with attention to admissions, examinations, stress on science and engineering, institution types, curriculum, dissertations, the new degree system, and teaching and research employment patterns. Interrelationships of graduate study and the educational and political debate,…