This study provides new evidence on the advance of literacy in Spain during the period 1860-1930. A novel dataset, built with historical information from the Spanish population censuses (over 8000 municipalities), enables this process to be described in detail from the end of the "Ancien Régime" to the Second Republic. The study thus…

An increasing number of countries are adopting accountability systems in education that rely on the external evaluation of students' learning outcomes through standardized assessments. The international dissemination of this form of accountability, often known as test-based accountability, does not imply that exactly the same policy is adopted…

Spain suffered a severe political and moral crisis in the final years of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Pedagogues and politicians belonging to the "Institución Libre de Enseñanza" (ILE), or those close to it, did not consider it possible to regenerate the country without attending to education and Britain…

During the Franco period, one of the objectives of the government was the so-called "regeneration of the suburbs". Education was, among the solutions proposed, the one discussed most frequently. This article hopes to show that, during these years, a multifaceted model of popular education arose which could be called "suburban…

Examines the emergence of Hispanic American universities within three broad periods: (1) the founding of the first three royal universities; (2) the creation of approximately a dozen universities managed by the religious orders; and (3) the disappearance of several monastic universities leaving place for secular institutions. (CMK)

The history of university faculty in Spain and the changes brought about by the University Reform Act of 1983 are discussed, including the faculty status as civil servants, faculty hiring, provisions for research opportunities, age distribution, women faculty, and faculty development opportunities. (MSE)

A discussion of environmental education in elementary, secondary, and higher education in Spain chronicles its history since 1970, the roles of public and private agencies in educational change, research initiatives, the effects of 1990 educational reforms, trends in facilities available for environmental education, program evaluation, and…

Because of close relations between the Philippines and the United States in the earlier years of this century, developments in the Philippines since that country achieved its independence in 1946 are of particular interest to Americans. An important aspect of the island nation's efforts in its first 15 years of complete self-government is the…

Because of close relations between the Philippines and the United States in the earlier years of this century, developments in the Philippines since that country achieved its independence in 1946 are of particular interest to Americans. An important aspect of the island nation's efforts in its first 15 years of complete self-government is the…