The Netherlands is currently considering a change from special schools for special education students to a more inclusive, demand-oriented model of finance and provision. The experiences of Germany, England, and Austria suggest that "pupil-bound budgets" may strengthen parental choice and support inclusion, but may also lead to budget…

Austrian higher education is described with specific reference to the organization and study reforms that Austrian universities have undergone. The increasing number of Austrian students may require continuing reform of the higher education system and the future outlook is discussed. (BH)