This article, which is related to a longer piece to be published in 2023, starts from the point of view that, despite some issues, there may be borrowable ideas in how South Korea and Japan developed their education systems, especially at the outset of their modern periods of educational development. However, in the popular press, and even among…

Administrative apparatus should be geared to support an innovative climate, offering to work with teachers, teaching them to think creatively, and thus innovatively. (Author/JB)

African education -- past and present -- is surveyed and suggestions are made to ensure that African national educational systems meet the needs of a modern world while fostering the full development of African culture and helping to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of the in people. (JH)

The author briefly describes the development of education in Costa Rica from 1950 to 1974. Emphasis is placed upon reform-minded national education plans started in 1972. (DE)

The history and development of the Laotian education system is described. Emphasis is placed on the transition from a colonial western oriented system to a system that focuses on Laotian cultural identity. (DE)

An innovative international education program designed to provide various countries with an experimental educational laboratory and standardize international secondary education is described. (DE)

Describes and critically analyzes adult literacy training efforts in Zambia from 1945 to 1986. Offers the integrated small-scale approach as a more beneficial and cost effective means of training. Suggests that a grass roots method which attacks illiteracy both across and within the community will lead to the most effective program. (KO)

The development of the Malaysian national educational system is described. An outline of the vocational component of the system is presented with an evaluation of descrepancies between output of the formal educational system and the manpower requirements of the economy. (KM)

Argues history and philosophy of education, comparative education, and pedagogy are of enormous importance to basic teacher training and preparation programs. Describes the state of educational research in Spain that is undergoing rapid expansion. Claims comparative education is an effective means of improving world education systems. (NL)

Examines comparative education's status in India in college curricula and as an educational research topic. Argues that comparative education receives scant attention, referring to surveys that show almost nonexistent numbers of doctoral dissertations in comparative education at two Indian universities and that show the paucity of comparative…