Discusses the three channels for education in developing countries: schools, or the formal education system; modern nonformal education through mass media and government programs; and the traditional incidental education serving most of the people. Suggests reforms in all channels to emphasize adult and continuing education. (MF)

Since independence in 1947, India's educational goals have included expansion, improved quality, and equal opportunity. The author analyzes India's successes and failures in reaching these goals in the context of its limited economic resources, the traditional educational values of its people, and its traditionally stratified social system. (SJL)