Educational reform in developing countries, specifically in Saudi Arabia, will be facilitated if certain strategies are employed when implementing educational change. Problems which restrict reform tend to be a culture which opposes change, staffing, finances, a shortage of relevant learning materials, excessive centralization of authority,…

By 1973 there were very great disparities between the opportunities for education in the urban and rural areas of Afghanistan. This case study concerns provincial school construction programs for hundreds of small buildings in the remotest areas of what is one of the most mountainous countries of the world. A study proposed alternative building…

The book explores why nonformal education programs in Latin America fail to promote and influence desired social change. Nonformal education includes community involvement and technical training in schools after school hours, adult basic education, extension courses relating to agriculture, health, and community enterprises. The book contains…

This article was based on the author's field study of the Iraqi Literacy campaign in late 1979 and on his follow-up work in 1981. The author spent several weeks interviewing campaign officials, administrators, teachers, and students throughout the country. The article presents the campaign's political philosophy, design, and strategies. (SSH)

This report was based on the author's study in China in 1980-81 and on the findings of other observers, Chinese data, and analyses of the post-Mao adult education system (1977-1982). It focuses particularly on the shifts in adult education priorities and programs and on the political and pedagogical debates. (SSH)

The relationship between education and work in Yugoslavia during the past three decades is discussed. "Education by work" and "education from work" refer to on-the-job training and recurrent education, allowing alternation of labor and education. Self-managing communities of interest for the exchange of education and other…

Examines ways Chinese universities are evolving due to an emerging free market economy. Identifies organizational trends associated with societal transformation. Trends discussed include institutional consolidation for improved revenue generation, competition for admission in new disciplines, and faculty professionalization and demand for…

Maintains that China has established "window cities," designed to view and absorb Western policies. Asserts that education is categorized as one of the Chinese development strategies. Examines the relationship between educational development and the window effects. (CFR)

Surveys major changes that have occurred in the fields of development studies and development education since World War II. Maintains that the Western assumption of human progress has been undermined in the Asian Pacific Rim. Maintains that scholars in the region should chart a new course of educational development. (CFR)

Broadly examines socioeconomic effects of technological advances and implications for education from a socialist perspective. Urges integration of vocational-technical education with general education to meet new educational demands, especially in developing nations. Provides data on 200 countries' education systems and the developmental level of…

Important issues in African education involve the effects of the colonial education system on African subjects and their countries' political and socio-economic development. Of interest are some countries' efforts to correct dysfunctions resulting from the colonial system. Following independence, the state of education in many African countries in…

Shortly after Mali gained its independence in 1962, the Ministry of Education in Mali undertook a program of educational reform. Although some educational improvements were made, there are still many unmet needs. In October 1976, a new educational policy was adopted by the government. Educational needs identified include: (1) a close link between…

This report describes Thailand's National Education Scheme which was designed to stabilize conditions resulting from frequent changes in the government during the years 1974-76. The general objectives of the scheme are: (1) to promote the appreciation of a constitutional democracy using the nation; (2) to enhance an awareness of being Thai through…

One purpose of this paper is to suggest appropriate policy options for investment in education. While the discussion of issues and options is based on the research literature, field observations, and interviews, this is not a review of the state of the art. It is an attempt to define and focus the debate on investment choices. Section 1 of the…

The collection of essays on higher education in the South Pacific includes: "Transplanting the University" (David R. Jones); "Education in the Small Island States of the South Pacific: The Changing Role of the School and Its Implications for Higher Education" (Tupeni L. Baba); "Co-operation and Collaboration among the…