Six individual articles describe the Indonesian distance education satellite system; technology's impact on education in China; computers in public education in Hungary; utilization of educational television in Niger, the Ivory Coast, and Senegal (written in French); the Japanese University of the Air; and educational technology in the Arab world.…

Recent trends and prospects for the near future of higher education institutions in a variety of countries are analyzed from the perspective of the institutions as organizations adapting to needs and demands. (MSE)

This report by researchers from the Universities of Minnesota and Toronto examines the available evidence and offers educators, policymakers and all citizens interested in promoting successful schools, some answers to these vitally important questions. It is the first in a series of such publications commissioned by The Wallace Foundation that…

Public education was introduced in the United States at the beginning of the 19th century to replace the informal community-based education system that had broken down as a result of immigration and war. At the beginning of the 20th century, as America changed from a largely rural agricultural society to the modern industrial economy, education…

The continuing interest which American educators and other citizens have attached to Soviet schools and their development has served to encourage the U.S. Office of Education in its efforts to provide the most complete and verified information obtainable on the subject. As expressed in "Soviet Commitment to Education, Report of the First…

This bulletin provides background information on Iran--the country, including economic factors; the people, and the government. The report further describes educational developments, including: (1) Early European influence; (2) Cooperative U.S. programs; (3) Administration and organization of education, including the Ministry of Education; (4) The…

Provides an interesting overview of the philosophical changes initiated in geography over the last 50 years. Argues that dissatisfaction with environmental determinism and its variant of regional geography inspired a quantitative and theoretical revolution in the subject. Recent developments have questioned even the foundations of that revolution.…

The American doctorate owes its lineage to the German research ideal, but its purpose, structure, and process have become Americanized through six developmental stages over a century and a half. Federal and state governments, accreditation officials, policymakers, campus administrators, faculty, and students all have sought to professionalize…

A qualitative study examined a rural Alaskan school district's standards-based reform in the sociohistorical context of Alaska Native education. Observations and interviews with 32 district staff members indicate that the district had recast the historical "civilization-savagism" paradigm as an "unhealthy Native" construct to…

Provides a brief overview of the historical development of art education. Notes the relationship between 19th century art education and manufacturing jobs and contrasts this with current art education and a changing job market. Maintains that art education must remain relevant to, and cognizant of, social changes. (MJP)

Reviews the contributions and educational philosophy of Herbert Spencer. The 19th-century social philosopher was an advocate of Pestalozzianism, an early form of open education and a precursor to John Dewey's progressive education. Discusses a broad range of educational reform movements and how they influenced Spencer. (MJP)

Posits a shaky future for religious schools in Hong Kong after its reunion with communist China in 1997. Although religious schooling enjoys a long history of popular support, education in Hong Kong is clearly recognized as a government responsibility. Includes a history of religious schools in Hong Kong. (MJP)

A review of the history of women on American college campuses looks at the emergence of women's higher education, then coeducation, the gender revolution, changed perceptions of women's participation in public life and extracurricular activities, a period of restrictive backlash, and the insights provided about today's harassment on campus. (MSE)

Analysis of higher education in postcommunist Romania looks at the system's history since World War II, enrollment patterns from 1948-49 to 1992-93, control of academic appointments, public policy concerning science and the conditions of academic work, and restructuring of higher education institutions after 1970 to support technological and…

Compares three critical transitions at the end of elementary school and during secondary education prior to and after educational reform in the Netherlands. Concludes that the educational reform efforts promoted more equal educational opportunities by increased student participation. (CFR)