Noting that, as a developing socialist society, China requires an educational system which develops in the individual both political loyalty and technical skill, the author surveys China's efforts, from 1949 to the present, to implement these two potentially conflicting educational objectives. (SJL)

Examines the current emphasis in the People's Republic of China on education for modernization in light of policy swings since 1949 between "Red" and "Expert" education for technological advancement and education for communist values. Particular attention is given to moral and political education. (SJL)

Reports excerpts from a discussion meeting held by a scientific council on problems of youth policy in the USSR in 1990. Discusses the problems of restructuring the Soviet education system in keeping with the goals of Perestroika. Includes comments on socialism, curriculum, and the goals of the education system. (DK)

Praises Anton S. Makarenko's work and pedagogical theories. Calls for research into applying Makarenko's theories to the Soviet Union's current educational reform. Highlights Makarenko's success at unifying theory and practice at his labor collective school. These theories focus on democratizing school relations, promoting individual development,…

Discusses the experiences and ideas of Anton S. Makarenko, an early influential Soviet educator known for his children's labor collective school that operated in the 1920s near Poltava. Examines Makarenko's legacy for the current educational reform movement, which emphasizes methods that combine instruction with social production and seeks ways to…

Discusses the difficulties of educational reform in what was formerly East Germany. Describes the educational system in East Germany as uniform and military in nature. Criticizes the one-sidedness of socialist education and its politicalization. Compares classroom atmospheres before and after the Germanies were united. (DK)

Discusses how Cold War ideological models provide a way to examine the U.S. role in world affairs. Discusses and compares on the writings of Paul Gagnon and Noam Chomsky on this topic. Concludes that students should stand outside both models to develop a meaningful perspective on the U.S. role during the Cold War. (CFR)

This bulletin is the Office of Education's first one on education in Rumania, and the subject is presented in its historical and current political, economic, social, and cultural setting, from a non-communistic perspective. Nine chapters present the country's background, a history of its educational system from 1832, and detailed descriptions of:…

Advocates applying the theories of Anton S. Makarenko, an early influential Soviet educator, to the practice of school administration in the Soviet Union. Reviews Makarenko's theories, focusing on the establishment of a unified labor collective school, responsible for students' political socialization and character development. Stresses the…

Reports on ideas discussed at the second meeting of experimental teachers held in the Soviet Union in 1987. Considers teaching innovations that promote student development and seek cooperative teacher-student relationships, while serving social production needs. Emphasizes student creativity and personal responsibility. Builds from earlier work on…

This book examines the part played both by tradition and by the Cultural Revolution in the educational system of Communist China. The author discusses Mao's thoughts on the nature of man, society and knowledge, his relation to European Marxism and his ideas on education. These are then seen in the context of traditional history, philosophy, and…

The booklet discusses educational problems in China after the 1949 Revolution and describes policies of the Chinese Communist Party to counteract those problems. Examining the educational problems in the context of the sociocultural environment, the booklet identifies major problems as low levels of productivity, limited educational resources, and…

This study focuses on efforts to reform the Czechoslovak educational system through a full integration of scientific and technical subjects into school curricula. Section 1 discusses the future development of the Czechoslovak education system in light of such sociopolitical factors as the establishment in 1976 of a long-term educational…