This paper examines the shifting relations between the family and the state in Indian education policy. It charts how family resources, responsibility, and participation have been variously called upon by the state across three historical conjunctures of education reform: the decades of post-independence planning for school expansion and…

The paper is one of a series from the Indian Directorate of Adult Education. Intended to stimulate reflection and discussion among educationists about the long-term perspectives, roles, and functions of universities in various aspects of adult continuing and nonformal education, the paper makes specific suggestions on opening universities to the…