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Peer reviewedGrootings, Peter – European Journal of Education, 1993
Analysis of recent vocational education reforms in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech and Slovak republics looks at the nature of modernization efforts and structural changes, and the role of foreign assistance and international cooperation. Current initiatives are seen as an attempt to catch up with the Western world of the 1970s. (MSE)
Descriptors: Adult Education, Centralization, Change Strategies, Comparative Education
Download full textViertel, Evelyn; Grootings, Peter – 2001
The effectiveness of Phare vocational education and training (VET) reform programs conducted in 13 Eastern and Central European countries in 1993-1998 and lessons learned from the programs were examined through a review of information from the following sources: a cross-country analysis on curricular reform; a review of technical evaluation…
Descriptors: Adoption (Ideas), Change Agents, Change Strategies, Comparative Education
