Examines the success of European reforms in institutions of higher education in terms of their goals, their integration with existing systems, the response of groups affected by the reforms, and the political and socioeconomic factors precipitating the reforms. (AM)

Discussion of higher education reform in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 draws on writings in previous issues of this journal and extends the discussion to develop a conceptual framework for examining the reform process and identify key forces that either initiated and facilitated reform or hindered it. Attention is given to the unusual…

Three types of change in higher education resulting from the establishment of the European Community and related educational initiatives are examined: (1) those that are compulsory or unavoidable; (2) those that will be facilitated or encouraged; and (3) those for which the approach of 1992 represents an exceptional opportunity. (MSE)