In Old China, working women had no rights in such matters as politics, economy, culture, society, and family life. Women were governed by the Chinese feudal society tradition. When "new" China was founded in 1949, working women made up the 7.5 percent of the total work force. By 1983, the number of working women had increased to 36.5…

Rigidity, as it relates to aging, refers to motor/cognitive, personality/perceptual, and psychomotor functioning. To investigate the relationship of rigidity to intelligence and educational level in younger and older adults, and of rigidity to age and sex, 48 young adults (25 male, 23 female), with a mean age of 23, and 45 older adults (21 male,…

Age differences in intellect as reflected by performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Revised) (WAIS-R) were evaluated for persons aged 20 to 74 years. Educational attainment levels were held constant. The WAIS-R sample included 1,480 men and women in the following seven age groups--20-24 years (n=250), 25-34 years (n=250), 35-44…

Literacy data were collected on a 5 percent sample of the Republic of South Africa's 1980 population census. Approximately 5 million persons aged 20 or older were found to be illiterate. The racial breakdown of the literacy rate among the different population groups was as follows: Asians, 79.84 percent; whites, 97.18 percent; racially mixed…

Explores the social determinants of the timing of the first birth in a nationwide sample of 6,752 women. Results showed education at marriage is the most important predictor. Although a few social determinants (i.e., race and religion) have a direct effect, most affect age at first birth through education. (JAC)

This report discusses the findings of a survey that asked 1,048 Ontario residents whether special enrichment classes should be provided to bright students at any cost, whether bright students should be provided with special enrichment classes only if resources are not taken away from classes of average students, or if bright students should not be…

Influences of heredity and environment on educational and occupational choice in mid-life and elderly cohorts were studied using longitudinal twin data (413 pairs). For both education and occupation there is a trend toward increasing genetic variance for females in comparison to males in the younger cohort. (SLD)

Examines the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, familial, and religious variables on life satisfaction in a national probability sample of 2,107 from the National Survey of Black Americans. Findings show that familial relationships, education, religion, age, and employment status are significant predictors of life satisfaction. Similarities…

Described and analyzed hobbies of over 500 individuals in the People's Republic of China. Results indicated there were significant differences between the hobbies of retired and younger people; reading was the hobby most preferred; and gender, age, education, and previous occupation were factors that most influenced the retired person's choice of…

Two northern California surveys examined prevalence of sexual relations, number of sexual partners, contraception, age at first intercourse, and sexually transmitted diseases among 2,596 Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults aged 35-74. Differences in sexual behaviors were somewhat related to ethnicity and acculturation but were more strongly…

Earnings data show that Indonesian males have significantly lower returns to education than females, especially at diploma and secondary vocational levels. Indonesian women have acquired secondary and postsecondary education in greater numbers. Greater returns to schooling also appear for older cohorts. (SK)

Explores the socioeconomic determinants of chronic illness in Jamaica, a middle-income country burdened by this problem. Econometric results from a national household survey indicate that additional education significantly reduces the reporting incidence of chronic illness, especially among adults aged 14 to 49. This relationship persists even…

The biodevelopmental view sees the readiness and soundness of the organism at the time of first birth as its prime link to health and survival years and decades later. It suggests an optimum age at first birth shortly after puberty. The biosocial view emphasizes social correlates and consequences of age at first birth that may influence health and…

To examine the impact of school incentive programs on children's time allocation, this article reports the authors' investigation of time-use data collected in two Bangladeshi villages in 1992, 1995, and 1996; in-depth interviews conducted in 1995; responses to two village censuses collected in 1992 and 1995; and data from an education survey…

This report examines the use of computers and the Internet by American children enrolled in nursery school and students in kindergarten through grade 12. The report examines the overall rate of use (that is, the percentage of individuals in the population who are users), the ways in which students use the technologies, where the use occurs (home,…