Analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on 1,434 men and women, aged 18-23, found that moving from a rural to an urban area reduced time spent in poverty for white and African-American women; effects were not statistically significant for men. (KS)

Pennsylvania has the largest rural population in the nation, and more than 50 percent of this population is female. Overall, Pennsylvania's rural women are doing well in education, family life stability, and health, relative to comparison groups of rural men and urban women and men. Educational attainment is greater among urban women and men, but…

Chapter 5 in "The Economics of Gender in Mexico," presents a study analyzed male-female differences in earnings in rural and urban microenterprises in Mexico. Data were gathered from surveys of 1,944 households in 54 rural communities and 11,461 microenterprise owners in 34 urban areas. Findings indicate that female-headed…

This paper analyzes the determinants of literacy and earnings in Ghana. Introductory sections discuss developments in literacy in the United States and Great Britain, literacy rates in developing countries, worldwide increases in literacy, literature on the determinants of literacy, aspects of the Ghanaian economy and educational spending, and the…

Current Population Survey data indicate that nonmetropolitan earnings rose slightly during 1990-96, metropolitan income declined, and nonmetro income inequality lessened. Nonmetro gains were notable in the South and Midwest and for women, Blacks, and Hispanics. Earnings declined sharply for urban, but not rural, high school dropouts. The urban…

Alaska 1990 census data indicate that, above age 20, the female proportion of the Native village population drops below 50%, whereas the female proportion of Native city population rises above 50% and continues to rise with increasing age. Associates results with sex differences in education, aspirations, and rural lifestyle. Discusses…

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data were used to analyze the educational goals and attainment of rural and urban youth; boys and girls; and advantaged, average, and disadvantaged youth. Boys and girls had similar educational aspirations and attainment, but family background characteristics mattered more to girls, especially rural girls.…

This paper reports a comparative investigation identifying salient sociological variables associated with the perception of well-being by the U.S. metropolitan and nonmetropolitan populations. Subjective well-being in general and life satisfaction in particular were examined. Data used in this study were derived from the 1978 and 1988 General…

This article looks at Philippine data describing the upward course of educational attainment during a period of especially rapid economic change. It focuses on the distributional features of schooling as a status characteristic, relating the distribution of education to some important personal characteristics, including sex and aspects of social…

Provides data from the March 1988 Current Population Survey on percentages of nonmetro adults with college degrees and high school diplomas. Outlines rural-urban differences, sex differences, racial differences, and changes from 1974 to 1988. Discusses outmigration of college graduates from rural areas. (SV)

Analysis of data from national surveys of majority ethnic groups in Romania and Bulgaria examined the effects on tolerance toward minority groups of education, community ethnic composition, urbanism, age, gender, perceived threat to national security from the minority group's homeland, democratic values, and prevailing political ideology. Contains…

The Morocco Literacy Survey, which directly assessed various individual competencies, and a self-report were completed by 8,050 Moroccans in 2,240 households. Analysis of age cohorts revealed that Morocco halved illiteracy in the past three decades, but rural-urban and gender disparities widened. Literacy classification by self-report or…

Reports on a longitudinal study of nearly 1,000 English words to determine differences in usage in the United States in the 1930s and 1990s related to age, sex, race, education, region, and rurality. The results indicated that males, whites, older speakers, and speakers from rural areas use more older terms, whereas most educated speakers use…

Examines trends in urban and rural China, 1949-90, for elementary- and secondary-school enrollments, number of teachers, and educational attainment of males and females. Demonstrates that shifts in the political context of educational policy between a socialist egalitarian agenda and a liberal competitive model have carried real consequences for…

This study reports on career and status aspirations of over a thousand children from low income areas in the South and is a follow-up study to a 1969 baseline study involving 1,503 fifth- and sixth-graders and their mothers in three low-income subcultures--rural white Appalachians, rural blacks, and inner-city urban blacks. In 1979, a total of 544…