Technological advancement in Russia has resulted in a need for specialists with higher education. This article discusses the problems met in trying to determine the need for engineers and economists and in attempting to recover training costs. (Author/RM)

Examines the status of higher education within the nonproduction sphere in the Soviet economy. Higher education does not directly produce material goods, but its role in training the work force is critical in maintaining a modern, productive economy. (AV)

The relationship between higher education and employment (particulary underemployment and unemployment) is discussed in terms of a synthesis of 21 case studies of developing and developed nations. The countries discussed are: Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Egypt, Federal Republic of Germany, Malaysia, Pakistan, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen,…