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Jafar, Hayfa; Sabzalieva, Emma – Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education, 2022
As Iraq and Tajikistan recover from the impact of conflict and international isolation, spaces are being created for higher education to internationalize by opening up and (re)connecting with the international academic community. Drawing on 25 field-based interviews, this article examines how academics in these two countries interpret these…
Descriptors: College Faculty, Teacher Attitudes, Conflict Resolution, War
Nagel, Joane – 1978
This paper hypothesizes the crucial factors necessary for the transformation of rebellion into separatist movements. It examines the Kurds in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq as a case study to test the hypotheses. Separatism is seen to include attempts by an ethnic group to achieve complete independence from the nation in which it resides. It can also…
Descriptors: Area Studies, Conflict, Cultural Influences, Cultural Pluralism