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A Novel Framework to Measure Executive Function in Down Syndrome with Applications for Early Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia
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Smith, Elizabeth; Hedge, Craig; Jarrold, Christopher – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Executive function (EF) decline is a consistent early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among adults with Down syndrome (DS), which means that baseline measures of EF for individuals with DS are vital to allow detection of meaningful decline. We developed a framework to extract measures of three core components of EF (memory updating, inhibitory,…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Down Syndrome, Identification, Clinical Diagnosis
Theoretical Exploration of the Neural Bases of Behavioural Disinhibition, Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease in People with Down's Syndrome: Potential Involvement of Multiple Frontal-Subcortical Neuronal Circuits
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Ball, S. L.; Holland, A. J.; Watson, P. C.; Huppert, F. A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2010
Background: Recent research has suggested a specific impairment in frontal-lobe functioning in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with Down's syndrome (DS), characterised by prominent changes in personality or behaviour. The aim of the current paper is to explore whether particular kinds of change (namely executive…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Alzheimers Disease, Diseases, Personality
Selective Attention Deficits Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease in Adults with Down Syndrome
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Krinsky-McHale, Sharon J.; Devenny, Darlynne A.; Kittler, Phyllis; Silverman, Wayne – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2008
Adults with Down syndrome and early stage Alzheimer's disease showed decline in their ability to selectively attend to stimuli in a multitrial cancellation task. They also showed variability in their performance over the test trials, whereas healthy participants showed stability. These changes in performance were observed approximately 2 years…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Dementia, Attention Span, Down Syndrome
Relevance of Donepezil in Enhancing Learning and Memory in Special Populations: A Review of the Literature
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Yoo, J. Helen; Valdovinos, Maria G.; Williams, Dean C. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2007
This review discusses the laboratory and clinical research supporting the rationale for the efficacy of donepezil (Aricept[R] USA) in enhancing cognition in autism, Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. While preliminary animal models have shown effective,…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Autism, Alzheimers Disease, Diseases
Verbal Intrusions Precede Memory Decline in Adults with Down Syndrome
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Kittler, P.; Krinsky-McHale, S. J.; Devenny, D. A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2006
Background: Verbal intrusion errors are irrelevant responses made in the course of verbal memory retrieval or language production that have been associated with disruption of executive functions and the prefrontal cortex. They have been observed to occur more frequently both with normal aging and with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Semantics, Intervals, Word Lists
Assessment of Aging Individuals with Down Syndrome in Clinical Trials: Results of Baseline Measures
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Sano, Mary; Aisen, Paul S.; Dalton, Arthur J.; Andrews, Howard F.; Tsai, Wei-Yann – Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2005
A major challenge to developing therapeutic interventions for cognitive loss and dementia in aging individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is the selection of appropriate outcome measures. This report describes the adaptation of the Brief Praxis Test (a nonverbal cognitive test) as a primary outcome measure, as well as the selection of secondary…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Alzheimers Disease, Dementia, Down Syndrome