Few scholars have achieved the level of recognition and respect among the wider public as Howard Zinn. This should not come as a surprise, given the "unconventional" ways that Zinn embodied and enacted his scholarship. He often took his teaching and writing into those seemingly restricted spaces of popular protest, converting words into…

In recent decades many people came to know Howard Zinn for his outspoken advocacy on a wide range of progressive causes, including civil rights, free speech, workers' rights, education reform, and opposition to U.S. imperialism. The author's own first encounter with Howard Zinn's special combination of scholarship and activism occurred several…

Contemporary university administrators are usually wimps, and timidity in facing easily enraged campus radicals only invites outrageous demands which, in turn, subvert intellectual life. This must be changed. For much of human history leaders had to display physical valor and this trait should be restored to the college administrator job…

Author feels that a national that can send men to the moon should be able to rid itself of social unrest. (HS)

Traditional ideas of patriotism and nationalism'' are no longer accepted, and citizenship education must change accordingly. (Author/SP)

Many different factors enter into riots and other forms of social violence. Often, aggression is impulsive rather than instrumental. These expressive" acts are responses to aversive conditions. Social comparisons contribute to unpleasant situations. It is suggested that unfavorable comparisons with one's own kind are particularly important.…

The idea of civil disobedience is clarified, its relationship to the democratic way of life is discussed, and some guidelines are formulated for justifying its use. (Author/KM)

The handbook for secondary students advocates nonviolent action, not passivity nor retaliation toward injustices. Emphasis is upon helping students to understand nonviolent action; to be familiar with training information on courses, time requirements, problems, costs, and procedures; and to deal with direct objectives toward peaceful social…

This study focuses on the generational unit born out of the student protest movement and the long-range consequences of having been involved in a social movement. Three alternative sets of consequences were explored: maturation, dissillusionment, and generational conflict which creates a distinctive generational unit. The results strongly suggest…

India's policy of free speech suffered a severe if temporary setback in the 1970s. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a 19-month state of emergency, during which 150,000 people were arrested, newspapers were censored, and dissent was essentially eliminated. A central figure in the confrontation with the Indian government over political…

Some student demonstrations and rioting were probably a revolt against form, rather than for reform. (Ed./HS)

This document presents a symposium of papers concerning campus disorder. Papers are divided into three sections: background, actions, and tools at hand. Articles present the problems facing police officers and their reactions and solutions to campus disturbances. (MJM)

Critically evaluates the theory of patronage and professional social movement organizations (SMOs) in interpreting the development of black insurgency between 1953 and 1980. Findings support and contradict the social contract theory. Professionalization was only one of many reasons for the movement's decline. (Author/PS)

This paper provides a rhetorical analysis of a protest action, namely, the mobilization and action of black citizens in Seattle, Washington, in reaction to the 1965 shooting of a black man (Robert L. Reese) by a local police officer. A description of actions during this time, as reported by two Seattle newspapers, is provided. An extrinsic…

The story of the 1970 Jackson State College slayings following an unruly anti-war demonstration by black students is pieced together via interviews with students wounded in the gunfire and other eyewitnesses, as well as an examination of public records, court testimony, and newspaper accounts. The events are presented in the context of the history…