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| Prevention | 6 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency… | 5 |
| Epidemiology | 4 |
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| Evaluation Review | 8 |
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| Youth Risk Behavior Survey | 1 |
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Direct linkChesson, Harrell W.; Harrison, Paul; Scotton, Carol R.; Varghese, Beena – Evaluation Review, 2005
Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has allocated several billion dollars for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. Using state-level data from 1981 to 1998, the authors found that greater amounts of prevention funding in a given year are…
Descriptors: Prevention, Incidence, Disease Control, Diseases
Peer reviewedPinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1994
Estimates of the reproductive rate of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), obtained through a Bernoulli process model, indicate that decreasing the infectivity of the virus, through the use of condoms, for example, is more effective at reducing the infection rate than is limiting the number of sexual partners. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Communicable Diseases, Disease Control, Epidemiology
Peer reviewedPinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1993
A Bernoulli process model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is used to evaluate infection risks associated with various sexual behaviors (condom use, abstinence, or monogamy). Results suggest that infection is best mitigated through measures that decrease infectivity, such as condom use. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Condoms, Contraception, Disease Control
Peer reviewedHennessy, Michael – Evaluation Review, 1994
Using data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey of more than 11,600 adolescents, risks for a general-risk group, reporting behavior indirectly linked to the disease, and a high-risk group reporting more risky behaviors, are estimated. Results highlight the weaknesses of behavioral-risk studies and the questionable nature of risk groups. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Adolescents, At Risk Persons, Attitudes
Peer reviewedKaplan, Edward H.; Novick, Alvin – Evaluation Review, 1990
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of self-deferral, a social screen implemented to protect the U.S. blood supply from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prior to the advent of laboratory testing. Mathematical models are developed to estimate the number of infectious transfusions ultimately leading to AIDS prior to self-deferral.…
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Disease Control, Epidemiology, Equations (Mathematics)
Peer reviewedDehar, Mary-Anne; And Others – Evaluation Review, 1993
Concepts of formative and process evaluation are discussed, and their applications in health promotion and disease prevention are reviewed. Process evaluation fulfills the need for information on program implementation, whereas formative evaluation aims to help develop and improve programs from an early stage. Both evaluations can increase program…
Descriptors: Disease Control, Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Research, Formative Evaluation
Peer reviewedMacKinnon, David P.; Dwyer, James H. – Evaluation Review, 1993
Statistical approaches to assess how prevention and intervention programs achieve their effects are described and illustrated through the evaluation of a health promotion program to reduce dietary cholesterol and a school-based drug prevention program. Analyses require the measurement of intervening or mediating variables to represent the…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Disease Control, Drug Use, Equations (Mathematics)
Peer reviewedPinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1993
Biomedical, logistic, economic, social, and psychosocial issues related to the successful distribution and use of a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are reviewed. A mathematical model is introduced as an aid in conceptualizing these issues. The HIV vaccine should be seen as an adjunct to behavioral modification. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Behavior Modification, Contraception, Disease Control
