In May 2023, the Civil Rights Division (the Division) of the U.S. Department of Justice and the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the U.S. Department of Education jointly released this Resource on Confronting Racial Discrimination in Student Discipline. The Resource demonstrates the departments' ongoing commitment to the vigorous enforcement of…

Schools across the United States use abeyance agreements as an alternative to suspension or expulsion, yet little is known about them. These agreements allow students to avoid or reduce suspensions or expulsions, if they meet the terms of the agreement and waive certain due process rights. David Perrodin argues that these agreements enable school…

In this article, school disciplinary exclusions in high schools in Ghana are highlighted to explore alternatives to school exclusions. The 2017 budget and the preceding budgets of the Republic of Ghana clearly indicate that the bulk of the nation's expenditure is spent on education. Part of the 2017 budget is especially targeted at making the…

The "IDRA Newsletter" serves as a vehicle for communication with educators, school board members, decision-makers, parents, and the general public concerning the educational needs of all children across the United States. The focus of this issue is "Fair Discipline." Contents include: (1) At What Cost? A Review of School Police…

Special education litigation remains a volatile area with significant practice implications. A review of the 2010 case law in the "Special Educator" identified discipline (manifestation determination, seclusion and restraints, harassment), evaluation/RTI, and postsecondary transition as specific areas of concern. School administrators should keep…

The Internet is a valuable educational tool being utilized in many classrooms today. However, Internet and computer policies restrict and limit how the Internet and computer can be used in a school. An Internet and computer policy typically limits students to use the Internet and computer for educational purposes. If a student violates this policy…

Suggests that individualized justice is a necessary pre-condition to the maintenance of effective student discipline and that the discipline dilemma can be resolved by viewing the administration of student discipline as a problem of discretionary justice. (Author)

The elimination of all forms of corporal punishment in educational settings must occur immediately. Not only does corporal punishment violate key democratic principals, but it also thwarts the increasing professionalization of teaching. In addition, available research findings illustrate that corporal punishment: (1) only temporarily suppresses…

This booklet, based on the court ordered Uniform Code of Student Conduct, published by the Detroit Public Schools, is designed to make elementary school students in Detroit, Michigan aware of their rights and responsibilities in school. In simple language, the booklet delineates laws and rules the students must abide by, discusses disciplinary…

This paper reviews the literature that documents both the central events and commentary on the important developments in student discipline. Following a brief historical overview and an analysis of the implications of the precedent-setting Dixon case (1961), which has strongly stimulated and influenced recent developments in student discipline…

Courts and legislatures in the United States have looked closely at governmental practices that threaten students' educational opportunities. One area that has raised concerns is whether student discipline policies and procedures are equitable, fair, and effective. Substantial litigation has established that disciplinary actions must be…

This report has been prepared to increase the general awareness of how serious a problem corporal punishment can be and also to contribute some possible corrective steps. The document consists of (1) a summary of the current situation, (2) specific civil liberties considerations, (3) harmful effects, (4) illustrative case reports, (5) recent court…

Summarizes and comments on decisions bearing on students' rights to due process of law in school discipline. (Author)