Two influences that are held to produce a lack of academic motivation in mixed minority group children are identified. (1) Minority students frequently come from families that, for a variety of reasons, do not encourage academic excellence; (2) the New Rochelle school program does not compensate for this lack by offering replacement encouragement…

This book analyzes in detail the various economic and socioeconomic factors that affect deprived urban youth in five cultures. Various possible hypotheses and variables that influence youth to enroll in school, participate in the labor force, or remain inactive are measured. Among the selected variables that are examined are: enrollment aspects;…

More than three million children in the United States participate in some type of after school program (National Study, 1993) offering wide-ranging benefits to children, their families and the community (Pederson, et al, 1998). After school programs of many descriptions provide responsible adult supervision for youth, constructive activities and…