The historical background of federal preferential treatment to particular groups, such as the case of the current affirmative action programs, is reviewed. Some of the arguments against affirmative action are criticized and the necessity for such programs is stressed. (MC)

Four minority groups are identified in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Employer Information Report: (1) Negro; (2) Oriental; (3) American Indian; and (4) Spanish Surnamed Americans. Together, these groups in 1970 numbered about 34.5 million people, or about 17 percent of the population. This paper reports on the status of…

A sample of 500 Black American males was studied to determine if there was a causal relationship between underemployment and/or underpayment and psychosocial stress. No significant relationships were found. (JS)

The project was conducted to find out if there was a need for an adult education program to provide instruction in job-related competencies in the basic skills of reading, writing, math, spelling, and communications for the unemployed and underemployed of Mohave County, Arizona. The report presents the procedures used to identify the persons…

An evaluation of the Job Opportunities in the Business Sectors (JOBS) program revealed that JOBS should be continued as a Federally assisted manpower program since it has demonstrated a viable role for business in manpower training. As a result of JOBS disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons have been elevated above poverty income…

This is a report on 18 months of work done in an experimental and demonstration project designed to develop ways to meet in-plant skill needs by upgrading the job skills of entry level (mostly minority group) workers and by improving capacity for better employee-supervisor relationships. Project activity took place in three cities--Newark,…

The book, a condensation of the deliberations of a conference called by the National Graduate University under the sponsorship of the Bruner Foundation of New York City, contains proposals by experts from all areas for improving employability. The conference purpose was to provide for an exchange of the latest ideas, information, and methods of…

This annual report is the ninth in a series of reports concerning the activities of the New York State Education Department in the manpower training effort, and it offers a narrative description and rationale of the activities of the Bureaus of Manpower Program Development and Manpower Program Supervision during 1971. The goals of the manpower…

A copy of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973 (CETA) as amended in 1977 and a summary of the act's provisions with rationale for the amendments constitute this report. The 1977 version of the bill includes provisions for (1) extension of the authorization of all titles of CETA through 1978, (2) extension through 1978 the…

A study examined the nature and the relative incidence of different forms of underemployment and how and under what conditions underemployment of older workers differed from that of younger workers. Data from May 1979, May 1988, and April 1993 Current Population Surveys (CPSs) for workers aged 50-64 were used. Two categories of underemployed…

The study attempted to measure world-of-work values and perceptions at entry and after a period of employment of enrollees in Plan D of the Public Service Careers (PSC) Program, a Federal program designed to bring disadvantaged individuals into Federal employment. A PSC Enrollee Questionnaire, developed from a logical taxonomy of world-of-work…

The report presents a review of institutional manpower training programs conducted in the State during the 1973 Federal fiscal year. Two major manpower training objectives are used for the basis of the report: to provide education, supportive services, and training opportunities for unemployed and underemployed individuals and to provide education…

Underemployment is another indicator of nonmetropolitan labor's disadvantaged circumstances. Yearly employment transitions during 1968 and 1993, show that compared to urban counterparts, adequately employed nonmetro workers were more likely to become underemployed; the nonmetro underemployed were less likely to become adequately employed; and…

Skill Upgrading in Cleveland (SUIC) is one of three manpower training and upgrading organizations which was funded to replicate and further test the High Intensity Training (HIT) model for upgrading underemployed workers. This report is a summary of activities aimed at upgrading low-skill, low-wage workers within a plant setting and with small…

Females who were poor outnumbered males by more than four million in 1975. The 15 million females living in poverty accounted for three out of five persons (fifty-eight percent) who were poor in the United States. Advance data for 1976 indicate that more than ten million women aged sixteen and over had low incomes, and that these women accounted…