This paper seeks to specifically focus on the evolution of civil rights case law and legislation as it pertains to educating students with disabilities, specifically the often implemented but poorly understood Section 504 provisions. The purpose of this paper is to examine historical influences that precipitated the implementation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitative Act of 1973 within the American educational system as it continued to respond to educational segregation that was primarily based on race, language, or ability. In addition, this paper will suggest what impact the historical past has on present and future public school education, especially as it pertains to protecting students who have disabilities from wrongful discrimination.