The beginning of the 21st century is marked by systemic, economic and social transformations in Poland and Russia, that significantly affected the education system, including the education for persons with special needs. This paper is an attempt to present synthetically the changes relating to persons with disabilities. The current state of the…

Special education research conducted during 1976 through 1980 at Warsaw University is summarized according to research methodology. The author presents nine conclusions from the research, including that disabled people are capable of much more than was previously thought and that understanding of specific types of disabilities must be coupled with…

Issues in special education in Poland during the 1970s included mainstreaming, vocational education, teacher education, and attitudes toward socially maladjusted adolescents. (CL)

Reports on two educators' visits to Poland, Russia, and the Czech Republic between 1991 and 1993 and their observations on the early childhood educational systems in these countries. Examines the role of children and families, preschool education, curriculum, special needs children, and the training of kindergarten teachers in these countries.…

Preparation of special educators in Poland is discussed in the context of the history of Polish education, the development of special education in Poland, and demographic and cultural factors. Currently, there are more than 250 special schools for the mentally retarded, as well as a considerable number of special classes within public schools.…

The problem of social exclusion in Poland was examined along with possible strategies for combating social exclusion through vocational education and training (VET). The examination began with an analysis of the special needs of individuals who have reduced opportunities within the labor market and/or are members of national and ethnic minorities.…