Over time, scientists, technologists, and resource managers in affluent countries have devised and institutionalized methodologies for exploiting and managing natural resources in their own environments with considerable success. In doing so, they have provided models, at least of development and affluence, that the less developed countries seek to employ. An international symposium involving both invited and contributed papers addressed the technological and institutional challenges of sustainable development of natural resources in the Third World. Described in many papers are approaches that have worked in developing countries. Topics considered include: (1) forestry; (2) soil erosion; (3) renewable energy; (4) economic analyses; (5) biological diversity; (6) environmental education; (7) distribution of charcoal stoves; and (8) sustainable development. (TW)