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What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewedGaston, George W., Jr. – Clearing House, 1972
Suggestions by a Southern educator for handling situations created by busing and resulting integration of secondary school students. (SP)
Descriptors: Administrative Policy, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects, Desegregation Methods
Gergel, Richard – New South, 1971
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Desegregation Methods, Educational Attitudes, Human Relations
Download full textChin, Laura, Ed. – 1976
This report reviews the first year of integration, under the implementation of the Six-District Plan, of the elementary schools in Springfield, Massachusetts. Through this plan the school department changed the racial composition in five previously imbalanced elementary schools and integrated the elementary school system. Redistricting, the…
Descriptors: Black Education, Bus Transportation, Citizen Role, Community Role
Peer reviewedReynolds, William Bradford – Metropolitan Education, 1986
Forced busing failed because it ultimately produced resegregation and drew attention away from questions of educational quality. The Reagan Administration and the federal courts have favored more flexible desegregation efforts--voluntary transfer programs, open enrollment, and magnet schools--that hold greater promise of producing equality of…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Desegregation Methods, Educational Policy
Peer reviewedMims, Jasper, Jr.; Jennings, Clara Murphy – Negro History Bulletin, 1976
Notes that racial integration in the most northern urban cities is in a regressional stage. (Author)
Descriptors: Black Education, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects, Desegregation Methods
Peer reviewedWeinberg, Meyer – Integrated Education, 1972
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects, Desegregation Litigation, Desegregation Methods
Peer reviewedKillian, Lewis M. – Integrated Education, 1972
Descriptors: Black Power, Bus Transportation, Compensatory Education, Desegregation Litigation
Peer reviewedHennessey, Gary J. – Educational Forum, 1978
Historical overview considers the role of transportation in education before 1954, when school busing was used to improve education by consolidating rural schools and centralize effort in urban schools, and after the 1954 Supreme Court decision that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal. Different attitudes toward forced busing are…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Bus Transportation, Busing, Desegregation Methods
Peer reviewedRice, Constance – Western Journal of Black Studies, 1977
Seattle's voluntary desegregation plans have included a voluntary racial transfer program, a plan to improve middle schools in the central area, and a magnet school program. Their ineffectiveness has led civil rights organizations to complain to the federal government. Community sentiment against court-ordered desegregation revolves around the…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Community Role, Desegregation Methods, Desegregation Plans
Peer reviewedSchellenberg, James; Halteman, John – Urban Education, 1976
Results covering a period of two years (including three academic years) fail to give any evidence that elementary school children who are bussed do any better academically than those who remain in inner-city schools. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Methods, Elementary School Students
Peretti, Peter O.; Swenson, Kathy – Illinois Schools Journal, 1975
Argues that initial teachers' attitudes and sentiments toward bussing for the purpose of integration is a fruitful area for future research since these earliest directions might be assumed to be associated with a more realistic sentimental stand toward the issues involved. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects, Desegregation Methods, Discipline Problems
Bell, Peter D. – 1987
Express routing, under consideration by San Diego (California) Public Schools, is a form of bus transportation that picks up and drops off students at centralized points instead of driving through residential neighborhoods. This report examines other, similar districts' experiences in applying express routing in integration and other school…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Busing, Cost Effectiveness, Desegregation Methods
Reutter, E. Edmund, Jr. – IAR Research Bulletin, 1974
Discusses a number of recent desegregation cases in which the United States Supreme Court has been called on to decide whether cross-district busing is an appropriate remedy for segregation. (JF)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, De Facto Segregation, De Jure Segregation
FOSTER, G.W., JR. – 1965
THIS ARTICLE LISTS GUIDELINES PREPARED BY A CONSULTANT TO THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION TO AID SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN THE SOUTH TO COMPLY WITH TITLE VI OF THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT. THE TITLE REQUIRES COMPLIANCE IN DESEGREGATING THE SCHOOLS AS A PRECONDITION FOR FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. SCHOOL DISTRICTS MUST CHOOSE EITHER TO (1) SUBMIT THE…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights Legislation, Consultants, Desegregation Methods
Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC. – 1977
In 1968, a determination that de facto segregation was present in the Erie, Pennsylvania School System was made. This was made on the basis that there were six schools having an 80% or more black student population. These schools were located in black areas. There were also 16 schools with an 80% or more white student population located in white…
Descriptors: Black Attitudes, Black Students, Bus Transportation, Desegregation Effects
