This is an interview with Carl Candoli, School Superintendent of the Lansing, Michigan, School System, and one of the chief authors of the Cluster Plan for desegregation, which emphasized busing. (Author/AM)

Notes that white flight is not universal: it depends upon the city as context. (Author)

Notes that the strong and persistent under current of opposition to bussing among parents in the Pontiac schools creates a barrier to meaningful integration of the schools, even though it does not interfere with desegregation. (Author/AM)

Desegregation, particularly court ordered busing, has been viewed independently of the complex historic and economic factors in which these policies are rooted. By focusing on the educational aspects of a social or political change the importance of various other factors which operate outside the school but which influence school programs and…

An important component of the school desegregation methods of Lansing, Michigan, was the Cluster Plan, which is described and evaluated in this article. (Author/AM)

Discusses a case which attempts to address the problems of city-suburban segregation: its significance lies in the uniqueness of the remedy applied to Detroit and in the high probability that this type of remedy, if applicable, would be applicable to other metropolitan areas. (Author/JM)

Concepts and methods of geography are applied to the study of school desegregation in this paper. Beginning with a spatial/temporal view of desegregation, the key legal events which have charted the course of desegregation are reviewed, and geographic patterns over time are examined. This discussion is followed by an investigation of the…