In "Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College ("SFFA")," the United States Supreme Court revisited an issue that had been litigated before it twenty years earlier. In two separate cases brought against the University of Michigan, the issue was whether it was a violation of the Constitution…

In the early 1990s, the Supreme Court established standards to facilitate the release of school districts from racial desegregation orders. Over the next two decades, federal courts declared almost half of all districts under court order in 1991 to be "unitary"--that is, to have met their obligations to eliminate dual systems of…

Under Federal law, State and local educational agencies (hereinafter "districts") are required to provide all children with equal access to public education at the elementary and secondary level. Thie Dear Colleague letter was written to remind school districts of the Federal obligation to provide equal educational opportunities to all…

The author reports on how U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas' opinions in youths'-rights cases reflect his "originalist" thinking. Justice Thomas, 63, marks two decades on the court Oct. 23, and a hallmark of his tenure is his willingness to carve out a solitary stance on certain issues. Particularly in cases involving schools…

REVIEWED ARE VARIOUS LEGAL DECISIONS IN FEDERAL COURTS FOR TEACHER DESEGREGATION IN SOUTHERN SCHOOLS. THE COURTS HAVE STATED THEIR ORDERS FOR FACULTY DESEGREGATION IN RATHER GENERAL TERMS OR SET A STANDARD OF ONE OR TWO TEACHERS WHOSE RACE IS DIFFERENT FROM THE MAJORITY AT A GIVEN SCHOOL. THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED IN THE "SOUTHERN EDUCATION…

Unitary status in school desegregation occurs when the federal district court dissolves all injunctions and releases the school district from further court supervision. Reviews several lower court decisions of the late l980s and the recent Supreme Court's decisions in "Dowell" and "Pitts." (MLF)

Reports on a United States District Court's 1983 findings and injunctions regarding segregation and desegregation in the higher education systems of the following States: Arkansas, Georgia, Virginia, Oklahoma, Florida, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri, and Delaware. (GC)

In "Fordice," the Supreme Court refused to recognize that the higher education system for the state of Mississippi had desegregated. Discusses the implications of the resultant new constitutional standard for the desegregation of higher education; financial effects on black colleges; and how the new standard could affect federal district…

Examines issues under three categories: strategies and plans for desegregation in rural school districts and small towns; the complexity of policy making in Memphis, Chattanooga, and Nashville school districts; and the record of federal courts in Tennessee. (RH)

Provides a brief history of the Supreme Court's pivotal decisions on public school desegregation. Reviews the Court's decisions in "Board of Education v. Dowell" and "Freeman v. Pitts." Provides an analysis of "Freeman" and its effect on public school desegregation law. (68 footnotes) (MLF)

Interviews with Ruby Bridges Hall, Ronald Deskins, and Carlotta Walls LaNier, who were among those charged with integrating public schools after the Supreme Court's "Brown" decision. Thirty-some years later, they reflect on how far they think desegregation and American's attitudes toward racism have come in the ensuing years. (MLF)

This publication provides a State by State listing of court cases dealing with school desegregation. Each entry is listed alphabetically by State and includes a brief statement concerning the case and/or its status. (EB)

Traces the judicial history of the Supreme Court's ruling in "Jenkins" that federal judges have the authority to order local governments to increase taxes to pay for the cost of integrating a school system. Praises the Supreme Court for acting when state laws and local taxpayers fell short of providing the necessary funds to implement a…

Places current controversies over affirmative action and higher education desegregation in the historical context of legal challenges to the U.S. racial social order. With a specific focus on the role of federal courts, the article provides an overview of the legal cases and issues involved in efforts to address the effects of segregation and…

The hearings on the status of school desegregation law called several witnesses to testify: Mr. Julius Chambers (NAACP); Prof. Alexander M. Bickel (Yale Law School); Prof. Charles Hamilton (Columbia University); Prof. Owen Fiss (University of Chicago Law School); and, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. The appendixes of the report contain…