Discusses societal pressures, including the need for child care, that have resulted in the increased participation of women in the labor force. Outlines steps to increase women's participation in the labor movement and lists positive actions that some unions have already taken. (CH)

The author refutes arguments against day care, citing the needs of working women and the advantages of the day-care environment to young children. She considers the cost obstacles to expanded day-care service. (SJL)

Among 1,814 employed women, weekly child care expenditures predicted employment turnover; the effect was stronger for mothers of preschoolers and did not vary by income. Educational attainment was unrelated to use of paid child care, or to quitting among mothers using such services. Contains 29 references. (Author/SV)

Data from the National Longitudinal Survey show that most employed mothers rely on relatives for child care, particularly low-income mothers. Weekly expenditures averaged $45 for older mothers to $60 for younger mothers. Lower-income women were more likely to have gaps in employment because of child care problems. (SK)

Reveals a high prevalence of shift work among mothers aged 18 to 44 with a preschool-aged child. Marital status is found to be a determinant of shift-work status for full-timers. Examines the relationship between shift-work status and child-care use showing primary reliance on father care for mothers employed non-days. (Author/ABB)

With data from the Survey of Income Program Participation, a three-equation, reduced-form econometric model is used to generate estimates revealing that the cost of market child care decreases the labor force participation of married women. High wages increase likelihood of working and use of paid child care. (SK)

As more mothers have entered the labor force, services for preschoolers have expanded rapidly, though somewhat haphazardly. Firm political and economic commitments must be made if organized child care is to meet parents' and children's needs. (Author/GC)

Five major factors are responsible for the daycare industry increasing at a faster rate than the number of working mothers: growth in numbers of children under six, family changes causing decreased care by relatives, government funding, tax credits, and private initiatives, such as corporate and nonprofit-sponsored daycare. (SK)

Examines data on child care from a longitudinal study of 310 mothers of preschool children. Findings indicated that most mothers change care arrangements frequently, especially substitution of group day care and multiple care for care by relatives. Discusses implications of frequent changes in day care. (NRB)

Posits that work done by women in providing services for their families and society is not economically rewarded, is a distortion of reality, and one of the main causes of discrimination against women. Discusses the role of women in the economic growth of United States, United Kingdom, Hungary, Mauritius, USSR, and Egypt. (JOW)

Examines the attitudes of the public authorities in various countries concerning child-care services for working parents and the different systems of care in operation in industrial and developing nations. (Author/CT)

Examination of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that a woman's wages relate positively to early return to work after childbirth; higher family income delays return; income did not affect child care choice; greater child care tax credits increased early return; and tax credits did not affect child care choice, but predicted…

An Australian survey examined the child care and working arrangements (part time, shift work, overtime) of 2,890 mothers. Differences in use of formal child care or unmet child care needs depended on children's ages and full-time/overtime status. Those working in nontraditional arrangements may be more likely to use informal child care. (SK)

Studied conflicts between employment and child care in divorced mothers (N=381). Results showed the majority were employed full-time in clerical or sales positions. They allowed child care to take precedence over employment demands in some, but not all, conflict situations. Experience with dual responsibilities somewhat reduced the conflict.…

With data from the Survey of Income Program Participation, a structural model analyzed decision to use child care of married and single mothers. Simulations indicated that a refundable child care tax credit would distribute child care benefits more equally and would also increase labor force participation of mothers. (SK)