The purpose of the study described in this paper was to determine the facilitators and barriers teachers in middle-school mathematics classrooms faced when trying to implement equity and reform objectives. The study is set in the context of the Statewide Systemic Initiative (SSI) in Ohio known as Project Discovery. In 1995, a major evaluation of…

Notes that modern advertising and marketing practices are becoming an integral part of Chinese economic planning and are being used to stimulate higher quality and productivity. (FL)

Discusses four practical dilemmas faced by Black educational researchers and evaluators: (1) choosing between being objective and being loyal to Blacks involved in programs under study; (2) conducting ethnic-focused versus ethnic-free inquiry; (3) using commercially published versus specially constructed measurement instruments; and (4) producing…

This essay demonstrates how the creation of cognitive maps by academics, as well as those individuals and social groups who want their "mininarratives" included in social discourses, will move social research away from modernist and positivist failings, and open a dialogue among diverse social players. Cognitive maps are visual imageries depicting…

This is a discussion of the future of translation as a profession. The following are discussed: the quantitative growth of translation; the growth of translation as a technical profession; the influence of this growth on the future of translation training; the influence of translation on Canadian French; machine translation; and the future role of…

Library development in colonial tropical Africa was closely tied with economic potentiality. Thus, in Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya, libraries were established as agents of economic exploitation (agricultural, mineral), agents of political education, and instruments for cultural diffusion. "Public" libraries were also used…

Gives a historical outline of people's attitudes toward foreign languages and linguistic borrowing, with particular attention to the role that cultural prestige and sociopolitical factors play in their evolution and in the evolution of translation styles. Concerning the latter, shows how changes correlate with the acceptance or rejection of…

Discusses the history of Blacks in the United States since their importation as slaves beginning in the fifteenth century. Underscores the great impact the Black presence has had, and continues to have, on the cultural, biological, political, and economic development of the United States. (MK)

Discusses the "culture and commerce" surrounding standardized textbook production in the United States, focusing on college texts. To end "female enclaves" and other industry problems will require a long-term, politically and theoretically grounded ethnographic investigation that follows a textbook from its writing to its…

Argues that media flow research needs to be reconceptualized differently from notions of one-way flows that serve coherent national interests, and whose asymmetries can be measured statistically and unambiguously. Argues that global circulation is now complex and contradictory, and that new culturally-based models and methods are needed for…

Discusses the factors that led to the rise of the Arabic-Islamic libraries during the seventh through fourteenth centuries. The most famous libraries are identified, the management and organization of these libraries are described, and the factors behind the destruction of the Arabic-Islamic libraries are discussed. (30 references) (CLB)

Defines social remittance as ideas, behaviors, identities, and social capital that flow from receiving, to sending countries. Shows how these ideas are remolded in receiving countries, the mechanisms by which they are sent back, and the role they play in transforming sending-country social and political life. (MMU)

Offers a critical reinterpretation of the development of Finnish popular adult education from 1890 to 1939, a period marked by great turbulence. Breaks with traditional analyses by presenting a sociohistorical contextualization of the conceptual relations expressed in ideological discourses and cultural practices associated with popular adult…

Traces the genesis of the systems paradigm in organizational study in the United States to 19th-century engineering practices, based on primary data from three professional journals. The systems paradigm evolved from three forces: the professionalization of mechanical engineering, the political culture of Progressivism, and the politics of labor…

Discusses political and cultural forms of globalization, suggesting that the economic dimension of globalization has dominated the policy agenda of western governments as they have attempted to position themselves favorably in competitive global markets. This analysis seeks to determine how globalization might produce dynamic new opportunities…