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Jeffers, Carol S. – Art Education, 1990
Compares and contrasts discipline-based art education with Viktor Lowenfeld's creative self-expression approach, using growth, medical, and molding metaphors. Maintains that these two approaches are similar because the views of the child, the teacher's role, and the relationship between them has not changed. (KM)
Descriptors: Art Education, Art Expression, Art Therapy, Childrens Art

Lowenfield, Viktor – American Journal of Art Therapy, 1987
Recognition of the handicapped child's isolation from the environment is the basis for creative art therapy across handicapping conditions (physical disabilities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, deafness, Blindness, speech impairment, cerebral palsy). Detachment may be overcome by self expression through drawings, paintings, and…
Descriptors: Alienation, Art Activities, Art Education, Art Expression