Since the 1960s, teachers unions across the United States have used strikes or the threat of strikes to influence the terms of collective bargaining agreements with local school districts. In the spring of 2018, teachers in West Virginia, Oklahoma, Arizona, and elsewhere changed their tack, staging walkouts designed to secure salary hikes and…

Teachers unions have had a "muscular" presence in some states, but in others, especially in the South and Southwest, the unions have held little power in recent decades, and the growing dominance of conservative Republicans in state legislatures and statehouses was creating a hostile environment with right-to-work (RTW) laws. The…

With a new Governor, State Superintendent, and Legislators in Sacramento and a diminished federal role in education, there is an opportunity for California's leaders to take stock of recent educational reforms and make necessary improvements. Several high-profile reforms over the past few years, including the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)…

Zero hour contract is an arrangement between employers and employees which does not include minimum working hours and employees have to be available in order to work in any time. There is a legal definition of it in New Zealand recently however it might be carried out under casual contract which is legal. Zero hour contract is a big problem in…

This article examines the legal and political significance of teacher unionization in rural and suburban school districts between 1960 and 1975. While most historians focus on the growth of unions in urban areas, strikes in outlying districts played a determinative role in the development of public sector labor law, particularly in the arbitration…

Reviews the concept of the "right" to strike, state laws allowing strikes, and court decisions establishing standards in this area. (IRT)

Outlines five approaches to the use of court injunctions to end public employee work stoppages. The current use of injunctions seriously impedes free and open collective bargaining. (Author/IRT)

The "irreparable harm" standard is an old principle of equity designed to limit court use of injunctions to situations in which the absence of court intervention would produce irreparable injury to legally protected interests. This study describes and analyzes the courts' use of the irreparable harm standard in anti-strike injunction…

Discusses judicial interpretations of Pennsylvania's Public Employee Relations Act which created the right of public school teachers to strike. (JF)

Discusses the experience of the Philadelphia School Board with the Public Employee Relations Act which permits public school teacher strikes. (JF)

One of the drafters of the Public Employee Relations Act discusses Pennsylvania's experience with the new right to strike clause in the Act. (EA)

Discusses some of the reasoning behind instigation of the Pennsylvania Public Employee Relations Act which permits public school teacher strikes. (JF)

The pros and cons of the right of public school teachers to strike are examined. (CK)

Argues that injunctions are increasingly unrealistic weapons for school managers to invoke in attempts to stop teacher strikes. (Author/IRT)