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Community Service Bulletin, 1976
In this document several questions about the meaning of court ordered school desegregation in Milwaukee are addressed. Racial and demographic factors and educational policies preceding the 1976 court decision that the Milwaukee schools were illegally segregated are reviewed chronologically. The content of the court decision is discussed. Other…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Demography, Elementary Secondary Education
Download full textSupreme Court of the U. S., Washington, DC. – 1974
This pamphlet is the complete United States Supreme Court opinion, together with concurring and dissenting opinions, on the Detroit metropolitan area school integration case. The United States District Court in the case had found that the Detroit Board of Education had created and perpetuated school segregation in Detroit. To remedy this…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Desegregation Litigation, Desegregation Plans
Peer reviewedWeinberg, Meyer – Integrated Education, 1972
Descriptors: Black Leadership, Black Organizations, Bus Transportation, Court Litigation
Carter, David G. – 1978
One premise of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision was that racial injustice could be eliminated through court ordered desegregation. Twenty-three years after Brown I, segregation continues to be one of the most complex issues confronting the country. The failure to distinguish between means (busing school children) and ends…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education, Equal Education
Hudgins, H. C., Jr. – 1973
In this monograph, the author presents a history of court decisions that outlawed public school segregation, reviews these decisions, and examines the problems of decision implementation that followed. The texts of some of the opinions delivered by the various courts are presented. Various relevant concepts are also set out in the context of their…
Descriptors: Ability Grouping, Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, De Facto Segregation
Peer reviewedReynolds, William Bradford – Metropolitan Education, 1986
Forced busing failed because it ultimately produced resegregation and drew attention away from questions of educational quality. The Reagan Administration and the federal courts have favored more flexible desegregation efforts--voluntary transfer programs, open enrollment, and magnet schools--that hold greater promise of producing equality of…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Desegregation Methods, Educational Policy
Reutter, E. Edmund, Jr. – IAR Research Bulletin, 1974
Discusses a number of recent desegregation cases in which the United States Supreme Court has been called on to decide whether cross-district busing is an appropriate remedy for segregation. (JF)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, De Facto Segregation, De Jure Segregation
Peer reviewedCooper, Charles R. – National Elementary Principal, 1971
The school bus plays a central role in helping this country achieve its social and educational goals. (Author)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights, Court Litigation, Cultural Awareness
Ozmon, Howard; Craver, Sam – 1972
This report discusses the current school busing crisis, examines the history of busing, and looks into the future of busing. In discussing the current crisis the authors examine recent court cases mandating busing to achieve desegregation. They go back into history to trace the tradition of busing, to obtain facts and figures, and to look at past…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Desegregation Methods, Housing Discrimination
Smedley, T. A. – Race Relations Reporter, 1973
Reviews the activity of the Supreme Court and of a number of lower federal courts encouraged by the attitude expressed by the Supreme Court in the 1971 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case; and the various forms of opposition to busing. (JM)
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Constitutional History, Court Litigation, Desegregation Litigation
National School Boards Association, Washington, DC. – 1972
This report provides (1) a summary of the 1972 National School Boards Association converntion proceedings, (2) the texts of principal addresses, and (3) the complete text of all resolutions enacted by the association's Delegate Assembly. The addresses deal with educational finance -- the Serrano vs Priest decision, revenue sharing, and State and…
Descriptors: Boards of Education, Bus Transportation, Conference Reports, Court Litigation
National Education Association, Washington, DC. Center for Human Relations. – 1970
In this statement the Commission criticizes the President's distinction between de jure and de facto racial segregation, pointing out that many present situations of de facto segregation are the result of previous legal action, such as decisions on school boundary lines, racial zoning ordinances and judicial enforcement of racially restrictive…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights Legislation, Court Litigation, De Facto Segregation
President's Commission on School Finance, Washington, DC. – 1972
This report examines the status of nonpublic education and makes recommendations for halting the enrollment decline in nonpublic schools. The report warns that should this enrollment decline continue, the social and economic costs to the nation will be too costly in comparison with the lesser costs for public intervention. The panel recommends…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Educational Finance, Educational Legislation
Craig, Benjamin L. – 1970
This report, written by the defense counsel for the Denver Board of Education, analyzes the events prior to and the chronological details of a law suit, filed in June 1969 against the Denver School District, alleging racial segregation. Events between 1956 and 1962 that led to the litigation are recounted: school board action in regard to boundary…
Descriptors: Bus Transportation, Civil Rights Legislation, Compensatory Education, Court Litigation
Sala, Frank C. – 1976
This report presents the evaluation of a court approved desegregation plan for elementary schools in the school district of the City of Erie, Pennsylvania, starting with the school year in September 1975. The plan was that the district's elementary school would house grades K-5. Two elementary schools, Garfield and Longfellow, would close and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bus Transportation, Court Litigation, Desegregation Effects
