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Rios-Aguilar, Cecilia; Gonzalez Canche, Manuel S.; Sabetghadam, Shirin – Language Policy, 2012
Approximately five million English Language Learners (ELLs) attend public schools in the United States. Because the majority of ELLs tend to live in immigrant families, schools become the means to provide ELLs with the English skills necessary to be competent in school and in life. Federal and state policies regarding instructional arrangements…
Descriptors: Evidence, Language Planning, Academic Achievement, Second Language Learning
Ikpa, Vivian W.; McGuire, C. Kent – IAP - Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2009
The interplay between sociopolitical forces and economic agendas becomes apparent when one examines the June 28, 2007 United States Supreme Court Decision, Parents Involved In Community Schools v. Seattle School District . In a reversal of the 1954 Brown Decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled that public schools could not use race as a…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, African American Students, Urban Schools, Race