This article provides a tabular analysis of court rulings where public school principals challenged the adverse employment actions of involuntary transfer, suspension, demotion, nonrenewal, constructive termination, and termination during the period 1998-2012. The primary findings were that (a) the judicial outcomes were markedly in favor of the…

Briefly reviews a number of Federal court cases that have dealt with Title IX, considering the issue of whether the 1974 regulations prohibiting sex discrimination in employment practices accurately reflect the intent of the 1972 law. (GC)

Presents evidence which was not part of the original evidence in the court case in which a White steelworker challenged Kaiser Aluminum's selection of two Black workers for a special job training program. Kaiser's long history of racially discriminatory hiring practices is documented. (GC)

The effectiveness of the Americans with Disabilities Act has been limited because its definition of disability is open ended and other terms such as reasonable accommodation are vague. The courts must settle test cases before it will be known if the law is meeting its goal. (SK)

A study of lawsuits filed by college faculty against their institutions looked at the effects of litigation on the people and institutions involved. The discussion examines standards of judicial review and construction of a fair personnel decision-making process. Careful planning, conscientious application of policies, and meaningful internal…

Reviews the legal framework of age discrimination cases, examines current attitudes and practices regarding retirement, and outlines the major arguments in the mandatory retirement debate. The contrasting principles of individual versus comparative justice are emphasized. (SK)

Review of case law in educational administration, hospitals, correctional institutions, and the military shows that, when risk of AIDS transmission is high, courts will support public sector administrators' decisions. Low risk means such decisions as mandatory blood testing will usually be struck down. (SK)

The "at-will" rule in American law is defined as the right of a private sector employer to dismiss an employee without a contract for virtually any reason. The rule has thrived since the nineteenth century and is still a major factor in the employer-employee relationship. However, recent court decisions have fashioned common law…

The administration of public schools has been affected by Federal legislation that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sex. Two recent Supreme Court decisions that have expanded the rights of female employees under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have led to renewed efforts…

The current status of affirmative action on the college campus is examined. Following a definition of affirmative action, the history of and social influences on affirmative action are discussed, focusing on the actions of the executive and legislative branches of the Federal government and on court litigation that has tested and refined the…

This paper discusses Congressional and judicial attempts to deal with the problem of employment practices which lead to discriminatory outcomes but which may not be discriminatory in intent. The use of paper and pencil tests as standards for hiring and promotion is focused on as an example of this type of employment practice. An historical account…

Discusses the important age discrimination issues decided by the Supreme Court in "Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio v. Betts." Frames some of the issues expected to be hard fought in post-Betts litigation. Summarizes how pending legislative initiatives would deal with the question of benefits discrimination against older…

The status of women in higher education, sex discrimination, laws providing protection against sex descrimination, grievance procedures, and difficulties involved in filing complaints are addressed. Empirical evidence is cited that illustrates discrimination against women at the hiring level in the scientific academic community. To substantiate…

This publication is a collection of social science research and statistical techniques that can help win civil rights court cases. Articles included are: (1) "A Lawyer Looks at Social Science in the Courts"; (2) "How Social Scientists and Lawyers Can Work Together"; (3) "The Nature of Statistics and Research as Used in Civil Rights Litigation";…

Free speech for the public employee is much more limited than free speech in the society at large. The courts have been unwilling to extend free speech protection carte blanche and have instead cautiously attempted to define what speech would be allowed or prohibited in public organizations. This approach is illustrated in four areas of court…