Since 2017, hostile anti-LGBTQ+ educational bills rapidly expanded. Using traditional and critical policy analysis across three Midwestern states, we examine (1) whether state and local policymakers (n = 60) adopted trans-inclusive protections aligned with the 2017 federal "Whitaker" ruling, (2) the spread and scope of state and local…

This article examines the legal and political significance of teacher unionization in rural and suburban school districts between 1960 and 1975. While most historians focus on the growth of unions in urban areas, strikes in outlying districts played a determinative role in the development of public sector labor law, particularly in the arbitration…

Discusses whether school boards can indemnify board members or officials for legal fees generated by challenges to recall election proceedings. Focuses on Wisconsin, where recalls need not be based on cause. Concludes that, because recalls such as Wisconsin's are essentially political, boards should not pay the legal fees involved. (Author/RW)