Presents a historical review of the issue of master's level training in counseling psychology. Discusses the author's views on current social and political pressures that have resulted in renewed tensions in the training of master's level practitioners. Concludes with specific recommendations regarding the manner in which counseling psychology…

Presents an empirically based discussion of methods for reconstructing the clinical training portion of counselor education to increase the effectiveness of training. The proposed reconstruction focuses on the topics of establishing a therapeutic relationship, increasing counselor skillfulness, and training in client matching. (Contains 101…

Audio- or videotaping and one-way mirrors are often used in clinical supervision. Yet, the effects of audio- or videotaping on supervisees have yielded equivocal results. Some studies suggest that audio- or videotaping increases trainee anxiety and hinders performance, whereas other studies suggest negligible effects. The authors present 2 studies…

This paper reviews the literature on the developmental stages of trainees and supervisors and how experience changes each of these groups. The assumption that trainees and supervisors learn and improve as they gain in experience does not explain how psychology trainees and supervisors change. The nature of this change leads to a number of…

This paper contains a model for practicum supervision developed by Dr. Manford Sonstegard. The procedure allows the supervisor, student-counselor, client, and practicum class to participate in the session. Whereas one-way mirrors, audio tapes and audio-visual tapes allow for only delayed feedback from the supervisor, Dr. Sonstegard's approach…

Notes that in the prevalent clinical training model, experienced clinicians provide direct supervision for trainees. Reviews literature to examine what and how evaluations of training could be conducted. Offers guidelines for developing an evaluation package to provide ongoing performance evaluation of internship training and data collection to…

The authors investigated the use of student-initiated e-mail as a supplemental modality for supervision. Nineteen students e-mailed their instructors weekly during their 15-week practicum: these e-mails were analyzed across 3 time periods using the categories of the discrimination model (J. M. Bernard, 1979, 1997) and an adaptation of W. Lanning's…

Substance abuse counseling students must become familiar with an overview of the issues involved in counseling. A clear format is needed to present the overview. Unfortunately, there are a limited number of models addressing the unique aspects of substance abuse counseling. However, the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) developed by…

This paper briefly summarizes the literature relating to the counseling practicum experience, as well as reviews the development and basic principles of Gestalt therapy. A marriage between the Gestalt therapy approach and the counseling practicum is developed as follows: "Experiential learning, the here-and-now, I-and-thou, and integrating…

The who, what, when, where, and why of providing clinical supervision for marriage counselors is discussed, dealing with such questions as: How often? For how long? Interminably? In what settings? Practical as well as philosophical suggestions are made. Description of supervision, moving through preceptorship, apprenticeship, mentorship,…

Describes 22 internship centers that accept school psychology students and examines the nature of the experiences students receive. Primary roles and activities include counseling and psychoeducational assessment, intervention, and consultation. Suggests implications for the broader development of internships. (Author/JAC)

Investigates the relationship among trainees' counseling experience, familiarity with specific client symptomatology, case conceptualization integrative complexity, and preferences for supervisor style. Data from 100 beginning practicum to intern-level counselor trainees reveals that general trainee experience and familiarity with client…

This reaction to S. C. Whiston and K. J. Coker (2000) discusses the research-training gap in counselor education and proposes an evidence-based model of clinical training. Asserts the importance of clinical training and education to the profession of counseling and argues that counselor educators may be inadvertently contributing to the gap…

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of the Skilled Counselor Training Model (SCTM; M. H. Smaby, C. D. Maddux, E. Torres-Rivera, & R. Zimmick, 1999) in teaching counseling skills and in fostering counselor cognitive complexity. Counselor trainees who completed the SCTM had better counseling skills and higher levels of cognitive complexity than…

Counseling psychology has a long history of interest and commitment to social justice and multicultural issues. This article discusses some of that history and, in addition, speaks to specifics of implementing a liberation psychology frame of reference into clinical practice along with the issues of implementation and challenges faced by those of…