This paper reviews the literature dealing with therapist neutrality or value-free treatment processes, and proposes that therapist values do play a major role in therapy. Supposed therapist neutrality in psychoanalyses, behavior therapy, and client-centered therapy is explored. The role of therapist values in client selection is discussed, and the…

Research has shown that therapy preference affects both the quality of the initial therapy session and treatment outcome. To determine personality characteristics which would affect subjects' preference of therapeutic orientation and to obtain qualitative information about subjects' therapy preferences, 203 community college students indicated…

Teachers, counselors, administrators, psychologists, social workers, and other professionals working in social service agencies have become so specialized that there is very little in common among the various approaches. In order to avoid separation and isolation of these professions and a possible decline in helping effectiveness, the common…

In a "direct" approach to psychotherapy, the therapist generally uses herself as a model and communicates her own values, thereby influencing the gender roles of her clients, particularly her female clients. In this approach, the therapist is seen as more authentic by the client, especially by clients from diverse cultural and social backgrounds.…

This paper provides a conceptual, historical, and descriptive overview of the Advocate Counseling Model, which has as its goal helping people to assert maximum control of their lives. The following areas have been condensed and are presented: (1) the definition, scope, and ideology of Advocate Counseling; (2) the relation of Advocate Counseling to…

Research on client characteristics is reviewed. The degree of disturbance, client expectations, social and economic attributes, race, sex, intellectual variables, and the nature of the presenting problem are all shown to interact with treatment method in determining the outcome of counseling. Several specific recommendations are made: (1) Behavior…

This handbook is designed to acquaint readers with the practical and applied aspects of the field of vocational psychology and the variety of techniques, procedures, and theories available for vocational assessment. The following chapters are included: "Preface" and "Introduction" (W. Bruce Walsh, Samuel H. Osipow); "Current Theoretical Issues in…