This article explores the theory and practice of using the solution-focused approach of motivational interviewing (MI) with young people. MI is based on the premise that people are not always at a stage of readiness to change behaviours, such as smoking, drinking or drug use, which are perceived by others to be problematic. The article explores…

Discusses hidden reason theory based on the assumptions that: (1) the nature of people is positive; (2) a child's most basic psychological need is involvement; and (3) a child has four possible choices in life (good somebody, good nobody, bad somebody, or severely mentally ill.) A three step approach for implementing hidden reason theory is…

Much motivational research has examined the role of attributions of perceived causes of outcomes. Attributions are important because theory and research show that attributions have differential effects on motivation. There are many different attributions; for example, ability, effort, task ease/difficulty, luck, strategy use, help from others,…

Describes and compares two counseling approaches, Responsive Therapy and Motivational Interviewing. Although they have similarities, Responsive Therapy claims to allow integration of active interventions from a variety of theory bases, while Motivational Interviewing has a cognitive-behavioral base. States that both serve as viable alternatives to…

Counseling for recovery from divorce may be significantly enhanced if a general model of emotional health/deficiency can be applied. This article introduces an amalgam of Erik Erikson's developmental stages and Abraham Maslow's motivational hierarchy as a means of understanding the rigors of marital dissolution. The paradigm promotes client…

Used a solution-oriented therapeutic group process in which substance abuse clients' projections into the future help provide a more manageable present. Reunion groups are created by group members and facilitators, who act as if clients have been successful in their lives for a specified time period and that participants are returning for a…

Synergism, as it relates to counseling, refers to the dynamic interaction between an individual and his environment. Presented in this special issue is a series of articles discussing the various implications of this concept for several aspects of counseling. (RP)

Proposes that expectancy measures, when adapted for use in counseling research and practice, can eliminate problems associated with the traditional use of interest inventories. Assessment of additional variables ordinarily contained in measures of work-related perceptions based on expectancy theory might alleviate shortcomings traditionally…

These conference proceedings contain four major papers presented by experts in the field of career guidance theory, with reaction papers written by practitioners. Papers include the following: "Career Development Theories--An Overview" (Edwin L. Herr), with reaction papers by Donald J. Page and Donald G. Zytowski; "The Status of…

This paper provides a review and analysis of literature from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) database on the dimensions of career change. Definitions are given for relevant terms and the characteristics of career changers are discussed, including demographic characteristics, developmental stages, and reasons for career change.…

Contrasts the consistency, the self-concept, and the new look formulations of cognitive dissonance. The study demonstrates that dissonance occurs when a behavior and its consequences contradict an individual's self-concept. Findings both support and diverge from various aspects of the three formulations of dissonance phenomena. (LSR)

The paper is intended to provide resource information and an annotated bibliography on psychological theories and counseling techniques specifically written for outdoor educators, to stimulate research on the subject, and to stimulate outdoor leaders to make themselves aware of various options for solving interpersonal problems that might occur in…