Although current efforts in counseling Native Americans appear to either overgeneralize issues or lack universality in cross-tribal application, one viable counseling approach is the continuum concept of heritage consistency, which assesses the extent to which an individual's predominant lifestyle and behavior reflect major elements of his/her…

Empirical evidence suggests that client gender, client sexual orientation, counselor gender, and counselor sexual orientation are factors that influence counselors attitudes and treatment practices with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients. However, it is unclear how these factors may interact to affect attitudes and treatment practices.…

A study investigated similarities and differences in the views of experienced vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors serving African Americans who are blind or visually impaired. A total of 26 counselors, 11 of whom were African American, reported their views in structured telephone interviews. In general, there were more similarities than…

Reality Therapy was adopted as the treatment modality to be used with youths at the Maine Youth Center, the only juvenile correctional facility in the state. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, staff members completed a series of self-report instruments and gathered demographic and attitude data three times during a 2-year period in…

Cultural awareness enlarges the world view of traditional counseling methodologies that teach that the dominant society's values are the healthy norms to use in assessing and assisting ethnic groups. A dominant society counselor or therapist can be more effective in helping members of other groups by utilizing self-awareness and developing a…

This paper reviews the literature dealing with therapist neutrality or value-free treatment processes, and proposes that therapist values do play a major role in therapy. Supposed therapist neutrality in psychoanalyses, behavior therapy, and client-centered therapy is explored. The role of therapist values in client selection is discussed, and the…

Collected data from parents and school counselors of 22 sexually molested children involved in either psychodynamic or reinforcement theory treatment groups. Psychodynamic group reported slow, steady improvement in child behavior. Reinforcement theory results were more positive in terms of immediate behavior change and maintenance of change.…

Presents results of a state survey of school counselors concerning attitudes toward group work, common group topics, interferences to group work, and additional group leaders. Results, based on 159 surveys, indicate that school counselors at all levels report that they value group work and that groups vary greatly by grade level. (RJM)

A compelling argument in support of behavioral approaches is the use of validated techniques. But many school psychologists use behavior consultation and intervention strategies despite not having followed the tenets of behavioral practice, such as gathering data. This study explores the reality of theory-practice discrepancies. Surveys were…

Constructivist approaches to therapy that view the therapist and patient as equal participants in co-creating a new dialogue render aspects of experience invisible. What is missing is an awareness of the dominant structures in society and the dominant ways of thinking and speaking. Three key factors need to be understood: first, the way meanings…

Behavior management presents an ongoing challenge that requires complex intervention skills on the part of guidance personnel. This paper presents strategies for helping school-based personnel move away from traditional punitive behavior management practices that are derived from a time when public humiliation of someone for social-rule-breaking…

This paper concerns the need for colleges to accommodate black students, especially in the area of guidance. The use of standardized tests and other means for predicting the academic success of blacks is discussed. It is suggested that admission personnel include such variables as self concept, leadership potential, ambition, and maturity as means…

Discusses the aims and outcomes of college counseling systems for both "traditional" age students and adult students. Provides profiles of the adult learner that indicate differences in goals and needs of these students. Discusses the contributions from cross-cultural counseling literature that draws parallels between these students and adult…

Presents strategies for counselors working with Black clients. Suggests awareness of potential barriers to effective counseling enables the therapist to gear the initial sessions toward overcoming these obstacles and thus make early observations of tangible therapeutic gains. Proposes such advances are important in overcoming client skepticism and…

Studies the anorectic student who is becoming more evident on the college campus, and who often evokes strong emotional response. Stresses that realistic perspectives be maintained by college counselors and administrators. Explains the characteristics of anorexia nervosa and provides guidelines for responding to the student. (Author)