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Peer reviewedEdwards, Diane M.; Zander, Toni A. – Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 1985
Life in the alcoholic family is characterized by inconsistency, unpredictability, distrust, denial, and lack of affection, attention, and interest by the parents. Children who are raised in such an environment experience a loss of self-esteem and suffer long- and short-term negative consequences. The role of the counselor and counseling strategies…
Descriptors: Alcoholism, Children, Counseling Techniques, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedKashubeck, Susan – Journal of Counseling & Development, 1994
Describes investigation of relationship between parental alcoholism and psychological distress and mediating effects of social support and hardiness among undergraduates. Suggests parental alcoholism is positively related to psychological distress and higher levels of social support and hardiness are associated with lower levels of psychological…
Descriptors: Alcoholism, Counseling Techniques, Higher Education, Parents
