This article explores implications of Tiedeman's original theory for career counselors. Some components of the theory seem to be compatible with existing volatile job market conditions. Notions of career path recycling, development in reverse, nonlinear progress, and parallel streams in career development are explored. Suggestions are made for…

This article examines the role of professional judgement in the ethical decision-making process. Drawing on the personalist philosophy of John MacMurray, and the CCA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice, the authors propose that a social constructivist approach involving dialogue and relationship complement the current internal psychologically…

An overview of L. S. Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise (1981) is presented in this paper. Circumscription and compromise deal with the processes by which occupational aspirations are developed and sacrificed. Research has shown that targeting career awareness at an early age is important. The theory suggests that individuals…