Theory can be used to define the nature of the relationship between the counselor and the client, to conceptualize the nature of the presenting problem(s), and to define the resulting counseling goals or desired outcomes. From an integrative perspective the choice of therapeutic intervention is made by relating the intervention directly to the…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS--(1) TO DISCUSS THE RATIONALE, VARIABLES (VARYING ELEMENTS), AND OBJECTIVES OF THE GUIDANCE FUNCTION IN EDUCATION, AND (2) TO FOCUS ON THE COUNSELING PROCESS IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS AND CONDITIONS OF GUIDANCE COUNSELING ARE PRESENTED. CONTENT VARIABLES (SUCH AS DATA ABOUT PUPILS AND THE…

Creating situations in which human beings can develop fully involves overcoming injustices, inequities, and oppression. The ability to create these liberating situations develops in three stages. A participatory style which facilitates stage development contrasts with the roles of outside expert, client-centered counselor, and traditional teacher.…

Presents a theory of self-knowledge, a method of measuring it, research identifying four stages in its development, and strategies for increasing self-knowledge through education and counseling. (Author)

Presents counseling goals in a developmental continuum similar in concept to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Discusses ego development goals, socialization goals, developmental goals, self-esteem goals, and self-realization goals and describes characteristics and implications of the continuum. (JAC)

This comment on the Hackney article (The School Counselor, January, 1973) presents a criticism of premature goal-setting in the counseling process. The author offers an alternative viewpoint of the goal-oriented approach to counseling. (JC)

Performance contracting may be one answer to pressing domestic problems. Emphasis is placed on client, student, or applicant performance in terms of predetermined, commonly agreed upon goals. Important by products include the promotion of experimentation and demonstration, the establishment of administrative and professional accountability, and…

Career guidance has changed in response to workplace changes, theories, and ethical, political, and social objectives. In the current world context, the central aim of guidance should be revised to assisting individuals to reach their potential by helping others to do the same. (Contains 74 references.) (SK)

Presents flow chart of the process of psychotherapy with couples as way for practitioners to integrate various models of marital therapy into their treatment. Discusses sequentially basic steps and questions to be addressed; resolution of each stage is considered important for movement to following stages. Notes flow chart allows intervention…

Describes the nature of cognitive therapy, some current theoretical perspectives, and application to three specific populations: children and adolescents, the elderly, and those with eating disorders. (Author/BL)

Presents behavioral rationale for guidance in terms of general pupil needs and in terms of specific types of educational circumstances. (Author)

Deals with the relationship between philosophy and counseling theory as outlined in a metatheoretical model. The model's implications for comparing theories and value orientations are also reviewed. This dialog serves an educational purpose and ensures an arena where counselors continually evaluate the status quo in a cultural context. (JAC)

Claims since schizophrenia is reversible, professions involved in social control and those doing therapy face new responsibilities. Notes therapists can approach psychotic symptoms expecting the person to become normal. Describes goal as being to help people past periods of acute disturbance without doing them long-term harm. (Author/ABL)